Programming for Problem Solving Overview

Programming for Problem Solving (GR24A1006) Lecture Material

• Course Overview: This course aims to introduce B.Tech first-year students to fundamental Computer Programming concepts using the GR-24 (Autonomous) syllabus.
• Course Objectives: The course aims to familiarize students with computer programming concepts and fundamental language skills methodically. The material is designed to meet the requirements of programming for problem-solving.
• Course Content: Lecture material covers topics like introduction to programming, algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, C programming fundamentals. The materials also include examples of adding two numbers, calculating an average, and finding the largest among a set of numbers. It also includes swapping two numbers, simulating an algorithm and flowchart for finding factorial of a number. The course further details flowchart symbols, different types of algorithms, examples, and limitations. Further, it covers topics like creating, compiling, and executing programs. The course also covers the structure of C programs with example programs that include documentation, link sections, global declaration and main function sections. The course defines and illustrates various data types in C with ranges and formats. It includes arithmetic operations on characters along with examples, logical, assignment, increment and decrement operators along with their syntax and flow charts, and example program usages. In addition the study program tackles conditional branching and loops, using for, while, do-while, go to, break, and continue statements, concepts of one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays (declaration, initialisation, and manipulation) with example code, search and sort methods along with their algorithms and flowcharts, along with other types of files, operations and their syntax in detail.

Preface

• Authors: The lecture materials have been contributed and verified by faculty members from the Centre for Product Development and Services (CPDS) in the CSE, ECE, CSD, and CSM departments.
• Syllabus Adherence: The notes and examples conform to the GRIET GR-24 (Autonomous) syllabus.

Unit-I: Introduction to Programming

• Algorithms and Flowcharts: Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving a problem. Flowcharts are visual representations of algorithms using standardized symbols.
• Pseudocode: Pseudocode is an informal representation of an algorithm, using a mixture of natural language and programming-like constructs
• C Programming Language: Introduction to basic C programming, including variables, data types, operators, I/O.

Flowcharts

• Purpose: Flowcharts provide visual representation, communication, an overview of elements, their relationships and program logic.
• Limitations: Time consuming to create, difficulty in drawing complex logic, and lack of visual representation for programming constructs.

Flowchart Symbols

• Flow Lines: Connect symbols, showing the flow of logic.
• Terminal: Start and end points of the flowchart.
• Input/Output: Represents input and output operations.
• Processing: Represents calculations and data manipulation.
• Decision: Represents decision points (e.g., if-then-else statements).
• Connector: Joins flowchart branches.
• Sub Function: Represents user-defined functions.

UNIT-II Conditional Branching and Loops

• Conditional Statements: Usage of if, if-else, nested if-else, else if ladder and switch statements for decision-making in a program based on logical conditions

UNIT-II: Conditional Branching and Loops :

• Keywords and Expressions in Control Statements: Explains how to use keywords like if, else if, else, while,do, and for in a program to control the flow through conditional statements.

UNIT-II: Loops and Arrays

• Iterations: Explains how while loop, do-while loop, and for loop work using examples.
• Jumping Statements: Describes and explains how break and continue work, with appropriate examples

Conditional Branching and Loops

• Flow Control: Explains structured programming concepts such as if, if-else, and switch statements for making decisions and controlling program flow. Iterative statements such as while, do-while, and for are discussed in detail and illustrated with examples, and the concept of jumping statements like break and continue is introduced. The syntax and uses of each statement are illustrated with example code.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Computer Programming as outlined in the GR-24 syllabus for B.Tech first-year students. It includes topics such as algorithms, flowcharts, pseudocode, and C programming fundamentals. Engage with practical examples to solidify your understanding of problem-solving through programming.