Questions and Answers
The first step in program planning is to review results of the community needs ______.
assessment
Goals are broad statements of desirable change, while ______ are specific, measurable actions.
objectives
Outcome objectives measure change in a health or nutritional ______.
outcome
Process objectives measure activities carried out by the community ______.
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Structure objectives involve measurable activities surrounding ______, staffing patterns, and management.
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To develop a program plan, you must use goals and objectives as a ______.
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Identifying funding sources is essential to determine who is ______ the program.
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Evaluating program elements and effectiveness requires the use of scientific ______.
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Evaluation is assessing whether project or policy ________ have been achieved.
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Formative Evaluation occurs in the ________ of program implementation.
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Process Evaluation measures how a program is being ________.
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Impact and Outcome Evaluation assesses whether methods resulted in desired ________ changes.
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Fiscal Evaluation compares program ________ with their costs.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis evaluates the relationship between program costs and ________.
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis looks at achieving program goals in the most ________ way.
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Formative Evaluation includes pilot-testing for ________ and cultural appropriateness.
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Study Notes
Steps in Program Planning
- Community needs assessment evaluates nutritional problems and identifies service gaps, emphasizing community involvement.
- Program goals are broad, long-term desired changes, while objectives are specific, measurable actions to be completed within a set timeframe.
- Objectives must be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
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Types of Objectives:
- Outcome Objectives: Focus on measurable changes in health or nutritional outcomes. Example: "75% of participants will reduce added sugars intake to less than 10% of total daily calories over 12 months."
- Process Objectives: Concentrate on measurable activities performed by staff. Example: "Conduct 20 interactive cooking classes for low-income families by the end of the first quarter."
- Structure Objectives: Relate to the program's operational aspects, such as budget and staffing. Example: "Allocate a $50,000 budget and hire two nutritionists before program implementation."
- Developing a program plan involves utilizing goals and objectives to design the intervention, specify client numbers, and outline resources needed.
- Identifying funding sources is crucial; consider grants from government, non-profits, health agencies, or corporate sponsors.
- Implementation is the action phase where planned activities are executed.
- Program evaluation assesses effectiveness, using scientific methods to review planning, effectiveness, and efficiency throughout the program lifecycle.
- Evaluation serves multiple purposes: determining if objectives have been met, learning from outcomes, justifying funding, and offering insight for future programs.
- Evaluation occurs in various stages:
- Formative Evaluation: Pre-implementation assessment for testing elements (e.g., cultural appropriateness).
- Process Evaluation: Mid-program measurement of ongoing activities and adjustments needed due to unexpected results.
- Impact and Outcome Evaluation: Examines final results against program objectives, including immediate and long-term changes. Focus on both hard outcomes (e.g., cholesterol reduction) and soft outcomes (e.g., perceived quality of life).
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Fiscal Evaluation: Analysis of costs relative to program outcomes, emphasizing cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.
- Cost-Benefit Analysis compares program costs against tangible and intangible benefits (e.g., savings from reduced medical costs).
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis evaluates the most efficient methods to achieve program goals against monetary resources.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational steps in program planning and evaluation, emphasizing the importance of community needs assessments, and defining program goals and objectives. Understand how to engage with communities and establish measurable actions for effective program implementation.
