Process of Vomiting and Hormonal Control Quiz

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What is the term used to describe a disorder in which the intestines are unable to absorb nutrients from food?

Malnutrition

Malformation

Maldigestion

Malabsorption (correct)

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates?

Lactase

Sucrase

Pancreatic lipase

Maltase (correct)

What component of digestion involves the movement of substances across the epithelium being defective?

Transport Mechanism

Terminal Mechanism

Intraluminal Mechanism

Transepithelial Mechanism (correct)

What is a significant health risk that can occur due to diarrhea?

Dehydration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the inability of pancreatic enzymes to break down their own tissues?

Autolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with malabsorption?

Celiac disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for chronic heartburn?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do drugs like Nexium work to help with heartburn?

Prevent HCl secretion by oxyntic cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason to avoid high-fat meals to reduce heartburn?

High fat is hard to digest (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does overeating contribute to heartburn?

It delays food breakdown (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to eat several small meals instead of three large meals for heartburn?

Large meals sit longer in the stomach (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver?

Excessive alcohol consumption and obesity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by excess levels of iron in the body, leading to liver and pancreatic damage?

Hemochromatosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between gut microbiome and health?

Changes in gut bacterial community can affect overall health (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of probiotics?

To replenish beneficial bacteria and ensure diverse gut flora (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible cause of metabolic syndrome?

Altered cell-microbe interaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the resident microflora of the gastrointestinal tract?

Gut microbiome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic discussed in the given text?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relation to gut bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of bacteria to human cells in the body?

Bacteria outnumber human cells 2:1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does the text suggest can influence the type of bacteria present in an individual?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of unique microbial species estimated to inhabit the human body, according to the text?

Over 10,000 species (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulosis, as described in the text?

The occurrence of protruding pouches in the colon wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of unique microbial genes present in the human body?

Over 5-8 million genes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the vomiting reflex?

Distension of the stomach and duodenum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases gastric motility and emptying?

Gastrin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted in response to the presence of fats in the intestine?

Cholecystokinin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hormone motilin?

Increase gastrointestinal motility during fasting (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the delivery of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

The presence of bile salts in the duodenum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of gastric secretion is triggered by emotional changes in the brain?

Cephalic phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of saliva in the digestive process?

Breakdown of carbohydrates (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucus in the gastrointestinal tract?

Lubrication and protection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

Parietal cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?

Anemia (D) Signup and view all the answers