Process Control Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a controller in a process control system?

To measure the output of the process

To convert energy from one form to another

To amplify the signal from the sensor

To control the input to the process based on the desired output value (correct)

What is the function of a transducer?

To amplify the signal from the sensor

To convert energy from one form to another (correct)

To control the input to the process

To measure the output of the process

What is the purpose of a converter in a process control system?

To convert energy from one form to another

To control the input to the process

To amplify the signal from the sensor

To convert energy from one format to another under the same form (correct)

What is the function of a shock sensor?

To detect vibrations and shocks Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a comparator circuit in a sound sensor?

To compare the amplitude of sound signals to a set value Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a vibration or shock sensor detects vibration?

The spring moves to close the circuit, changing the voltage to low Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a translator module in a microcontroller circuit?

To convert between different voltage levels Signup and view all the answers

How does a passive piezo buzzer module produce different sounds?

By varying the duration and frequency of electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sound sensor?

To detect sound waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of a piezo buzzer?

Piezoelectricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a NodeMCU microcontroller?

To provide WIFI and Bluetooth connectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a rotary encoder module?

To sense the direction of rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a set point in a process control system?

To set the desired value of the output variable Signup and view all the answers

How does a rotary encoder module determine the direction of rotation?

By comparing the voltage of the CLK and DT pins Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an actuator?

Light bulb Signup and view all the answers

What is a microcontroller?

A type of microprocessor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Process Control

Automated control of output by comparing its value to a desired value and sending the error signal back to control the input variable via a feedback loop
Controllers: PLC, microcontroller, SCADA
Controlled/Measuring Variable: output of process
Manipulated Variable: input to process (depends on control signal from controller to actuator)
Set Point: desired value of output variable

Transducers

Devices that change energy from one form to another
Subtypes:
- Input Transducer (Sensor): converts physical phenomenon to electrical signal
- Output Transducer (Actuator): converts electrical signal to physical phenomenon

Vibration/Shock Sensor

Widely used in video games
Works by changing output voltage from high to low when vibration occurs
Output pin is connected to actuator through relay (for 220V actuators) or transistor switch or optocoupler (for lower voltage actuators)

Sound Sensor

Consists of a microphone and comparator circuit
Mic senses sound, converts it to digital signal, and compares amplitude to 2.5V
Outputs 1 if sound signal amplitude is more than 2.5V, and 0 if less than 2.5V
Also has analog output pin for estimating sound intensity

Passive Piezo Buzzer Module

Converts electrical signals into tone
Receives flow of signals with desired duration and frequency, producing sounds variant in duration and intensity
Named piezo due to dependence on piezoelectricity

Rotary Encoder Module

Senses direction of rotation, used in applications like rotary buttons in cars and MP3 players
Has 2 pins (CLK and DT) that output different voltage levels depending on direction of rotation
Sequence of pin outputs determines direction of rotation

Actuators and Microcontrollers

Actuators: devices that perform actions, such as motors, light bulbs, LCD screens, speakers, and valves
Microcontrollers: devices that control actuators, such as PIC, ARM, and AVR
Factors to consider when picking a microcontroller

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of process control systems, including automated control, feedback loops, and controllers such as PLC and SCADA. It also covers key terms like set point, manipulated variables, and controlled variables.