16 Questions
What is the purpose of a controller in a process control system?
To control the input to the process based on the desired output value
What is the function of a transducer?
To convert energy from one form to another
What is the purpose of a converter in a process control system?
To convert energy from one format to another under the same form
What is the function of a shock sensor?
To detect vibrations and shocks
What is the function of a comparator circuit in a sound sensor?
To compare the amplitude of sound signals to a set value
What happens when a vibration or shock sensor detects vibration?
The spring moves to close the circuit, changing the voltage to low
What is the purpose of a translator module in a microcontroller circuit?
To convert between different voltage levels
How does a passive piezo buzzer module produce different sounds?
By varying the duration and frequency of electrical signals
What is the purpose of a sound sensor?
To detect sound waves
What is the principle behind the operation of a piezo buzzer?
Piezoelectricity
What is the function of a NodeMCU microcontroller?
To provide WIFI and Bluetooth connectivity
What is the function of a rotary encoder module?
To sense the direction of rotation
What is the purpose of a set point in a process control system?
To set the desired value of the output variable
How does a rotary encoder module determine the direction of rotation?
By comparing the voltage of the CLK and DT pins
What is an example of an actuator?
Light bulb
What is a microcontroller?
A type of microprocessor
Study Notes
Process Control
- Automated control of output by comparing its value to a desired value and sending the error signal back to control the input variable via a feedback loop
- Controllers: PLC, microcontroller, SCADA
- Controlled/Measuring Variable: output of process
- Manipulated Variable: input to process (depends on control signal from controller to actuator)
- Set Point: desired value of output variable
Transducers
- Devices that change energy from one form to another
- Subtypes:
- Input Transducer (Sensor): converts physical phenomenon to electrical signal
- Output Transducer (Actuator): converts electrical signal to physical phenomenon
Vibration/Shock Sensor
- Widely used in video games
- Works by changing output voltage from high to low when vibration occurs
- Output pin is connected to actuator through relay (for 220V actuators) or transistor switch or optocoupler (for lower voltage actuators)
Sound Sensor
- Consists of a microphone and comparator circuit
- Mic senses sound, converts it to digital signal, and compares amplitude to 2.5V
- Outputs 1 if sound signal amplitude is more than 2.5V, and 0 if less than 2.5V
- Also has analog output pin for estimating sound intensity
Passive Piezo Buzzer Module
- Converts electrical signals into tone
- Receives flow of signals with desired duration and frequency, producing sounds variant in duration and intensity
- Named piezo due to dependence on piezoelectricity
Rotary Encoder Module
- Senses direction of rotation, used in applications like rotary buttons in cars and MP3 players
- Has 2 pins (CLK and DT) that output different voltage levels depending on direction of rotation
- Sequence of pin outputs determines direction of rotation
Actuators and Microcontrollers
- Actuators: devices that perform actions, such as motors, light bulbs, LCD screens, speakers, and valves
- Microcontrollers: devices that control actuators, such as PIC, ARM, and AVR
- Factors to consider when picking a microcontroller
This quiz covers the basics of process control systems, including automated control, feedback loops, and controllers such as PLC and SCADA. It also covers key terms like set point, manipulated variables, and controlled variables.
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