Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)?

  • To detail the landscaping and architectural design of the plant.
  • To provide a detailed electrical wiring schematic for the plant.
  • To offer a graphical representation of the process, including hardware and control systems. (correct)
  • To outline the company's financial performance and regulatory filings

P&IDs are only useful during the initial design phase of a plant and are not relevant for maintenance or operation activities.

False (B)

Besides piping and equipment, what other key element does a P&ID depict?

instrumentation

A P&ID ties together the system description, the process flow diagram, the electrical and fluid power control schematic, and the control logic diagram; it accomplishes this by showing all of the piping, equipment, principal instruments, instrument loops, and control ______.

<p>interlocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements with the function that can be found within a P&ID.

<p>Piping = Physical data about plant objects HAZOP = Safety Information Instrument Loops = Control Interlocks Equipment = Financial Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the initial step in understanding process technology, irrespective of its intricacy?

<p>Gaining knowledge of open and closed-loop control technology fundamentals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The MPS® PA Compact Workstation is primarily designed for advanced users with existing expertise in closed-loop control systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within a P&ID, what primary categories of process control elements are typically identified?

<p>Sensors, controllers, and actuators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a P&ID, a LIC abbreviation typically stands for ______ Indicator Controller.

<p>Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three components typically found in the Festo MPS® PA Compact Workstation.

<p>Tank, pump, sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'tagging' a component in a P&ID, such as 'LIC/B101'?

<p>To provide a unique identifier for locating the component in the physical system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the process control elements with their function:

<p>Sensor = Measures a process variable Controller = Compares the measured value to a desired setpoint and calculates a control action Actuator = Implements the control action by manipulating a final control element</p> Signup and view all the answers

P&ID symbols are universal, meaning the same symbol is used for the same component across all industries and companies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following items is typically included in a Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)?

<p>Process Piping Sizing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A P&ID includes extensive explanatory notes to provide detailed operational context for each component.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three types of information about valves that are included in a P&ID.

<p>Hand Valves, Control Valves, Valve Actuators</p> Signup and view all the answers

System ratings and operational values such as minimum, normal, and maximum flow, _________ and _________ are included in a P&ID.

<p>temperature, pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following P&ID elements with their typical representations:

<p>Process Piping = Solid lines with size and specification markings Instruments = Circles or bubbles with identification tags Mechanical Equipment = Simplified shapes representing pumps, tanks, etc. Control Valves = Valve symbols with actuators</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of instrument identification tags on a P&ID?

<p>To define the function and variable measured by the instrument. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In EMCS tags, the first letter always indicates the function of the instrument such as indicating, controlling, or recording.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an instrument tag 'FIC-101', what does 'FIC' typically stand for?

<p>Flow Indicating Controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

In EMCS tags, the letter 'T' as a first letter generally stands for _________.

<p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a passive function indicated by the second/succeeding letter in an instrumentation tag?

<p>Alarm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An instrument with the tag 'PDIAH' indicates differential pressure and has a high-level alarm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'LY' in an EMCS tag represent, given that the instrument described is a current to pressure signal converter?

<p>Level converter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is generally NOT represented by symbols on a P&ID?

<p>Specific Brands of Equipment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a P&ID, lines with specific markings represent the _________ _________ along with their size and material specifications.

<p>process piping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following letters used in instrument identification tags with their meanings:

<p>A = Analysis F = Flow P = Pressure T = Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is a P&ID?

A graphical representation of a process, including hardware (piping, equipment) and control systems.

P&ID Uses

Design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the plant.

P&ID Components

Piping, equipment, instruments, instrument loops, and control interlocks.

P&ID Information Types

Physical data, financial information, regulatory compliance, safety data, and HAZOP information.

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P&ID Primary Role

Principal document for locating information about a facility.

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P&ID

A diagram showing process piping, equipment, instrumentation and control systems.

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P&ID: Piping Details

Process piping size, class, and numbering, along with conveyor belts.

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P&ID: Mechanical Equipment

Mechanical equipment and numbering.

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P&ID: Valves

Hand valves and control valves within the system.

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P&ID: Interconnections

Interconnection with other systems, nozzles, and flanges.

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P&ID: System Ratings

System ratings, operational values (min, normal, max) for flow, temperature, and pressure.

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P&ID: Composition & Instruments

Fluid composition, instrument designations, and numbering systems.

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P&ID: Miscellaneous

Vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swagers.

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P&ID Omissions

Instrument root valves, control relays and manual switches are not generally included.

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EMCS Tag: First Letter

Identifies the measured variable (e.g., Flow, Temperature).

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EMCS Tag: Second Letter

Indicates the function (e.g., Indicator, Controller, Transmitter).

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EMCS Tag: FI RC

Flow Indicator, Recording Controller.

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EMCS Tag: PDIAH

An indicator with a high-level alarm for differential pressure.

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EMCS Tag: TV

Temperature Valve.

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EMCS Tag: AT

Analysis Transmitter.

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MPS® PA Compact Workstation

A technology to learn about open and closed-loop control.

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Sensor

A device that measures a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or flow, and converts it into a signal.

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Controller

A device that receives a sensor signal, compares it to a setpoint, and calculates the corrective action needed.

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Actuator

A device that implements the corrective action calculated by the controller to manipulate the process.

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P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram)

A two-dimensional diagram that uses symbols to represent the components and connections of a process system.

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Process Elements

Elements in a process like flow, level, temperature, or pressure.

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Proportional valve

A valve that gradually opens or closes, allowing for precise control of flow rate.

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2-way ball valve

A valve with only two positions, fully open or fully closed.

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Study Notes

  • A Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) provides a graphical representation of a process, including hardware, control systems, and instrumentation technologies; it may also be called a Piping & Instrumentation Diagram.
  • P&IDs are utilized in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of plants
  • P&IDs integrate system descriptions, process flow diagrams, electrical and fluid power control schematics, and control logic diagrams to show all piping, equipment, instruments, instrument loops, and control interlocks.
  • Plant operations use the P&ID to find facility information such as physical data, financial or regulatory compliance details, safety, and HAZOP data developed during HAZOP sessions.

P&ID Inclusions

  • P&IDs include process piping details like sizing, class, numberings, and conveyor belts
  • Also included are Mechanical Equipment and numberings
  • Also included are manual and control valves, and interconnections with other systems
  • Also include nozzles and flanges
  • P&IDs note system ratings and operational values like minimum, normal, and maximum flow, temperature, and pressure
  • Composition of fluids and instruments, designations, and numbering systems are also included
  • Miscellaneous components like vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers, and swagers are captured
  • Permanent start-up and flush lines are in the P&ID
  • Control inputs/outputs, interlocks, and computer control system input
  • Quality level is also a factor

P&ID Exclusions

  • Instrument root valves aren't on P&IDs
  • Control relays aren't on P&IDs
  • Manual switches aren't on P&IDs
  • Primary instrument tubing and valves aren't on P&IDs
  • Specific pressure, temperature, and flow data is not on P&IDs
  • Elbows, tees, and standard fittings are not captured
  • Extensive explanatory notes aren't on P&IDs

Instrumentation Identification Tags or EMCS Tags

  • First letter indicates the variable, such as Analytical (composition), Burner or Combustion, User-defined etc.
  • Second/Succeeding letters note functions such as Alarm, User-defined, Element (sensing) etc.
  • Modifiers note factors such as High, Low, Middle/Intermediate, and User-defined

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Description

A Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a graphical representation of a process, including hardware, control systems, and instrumentation technologies. P&IDs integrate system descriptions, process flow diagrams, electrical and fluid power control schematics, and control logic diagrams. Plant operations use the P&ID to find facility information.

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