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Proceso de Glucólisis y Enzimas Involucradas

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Proceso de Glucólisis y Enzimas Involucradas

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Questions and Answers

¿Qué moléculas se generan como resultado de la clivaje aldólica de la fructosa-1,6-bifosfato?

Dihidroxiacetona fosfato y gliceraldehído-3-fosfato (correct)

Acetil-CoA y succinil-CoA

Glicerol y ácido láctico

Piruvato y fosfoenolpiruvato

¿Cuál es el paso enzimático clave en la glucólisis que tiene un gran valor de ΔG?

Aldolización de la fructosa-1,6-bifosfato

Fosforilación de la glucosa

Isomerización de la glucosa-6-fosfato

Glucólisis de la fructosa-6-fosfato (correct)

¿Qué enzima cataliza la isomerización de glucosa-6-fosfato a fructosa-6-fosfato en la glucólisis?

Fosfoglucoisomerasa (correct)

Fosfofructoquinasa-1

Hexoquinasa

Aldolasa

¿Cuál es el producto de la fosforilación de la gliceraldehído-3-fosfato en la fase de remuneración de la glucólisis?

3-fosfogliceraldehído Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el resultado de la fosforilación de la fructosa-6-fosfato en la vía de la glucólisis?

Fructosa-1,6-bifosfato Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué enzima cataliza el paso final de la glucólisis convirtiendo glicerol-3-fosfato en dihidroxiacetona fosfato?

Gluceraldehído-3-fosfato deshidrogenasa Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enzimas cataliza la conversión de 3-fosfoglicerato a 2-fosfoglicerato durante la glucólisis?

Fosfogliceratomutasa Signup and view all the answers

En la ruta de la glucólisis, ¿cuál de las siguientes moléculas es el producto de la decarboxilación de 2-fosfoglicerato?

Piruvato Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enzimas cataliza la conversión de gliceraldehído-3-fosfato a 1,3-bisfosfoglicerato?

Fosfoglicerato quinasa Signup and view all the answers

En la ruta de la glucólisis, ¿cuál de las siguientes enzimas cataliza la conversión de fructosa-1,6-bisfosfato a gliceraldehído-3-fosfato y dihidroxiacetona fosfato?

Aldolasa Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enzimas cataliza la conversión de 1,3-bisfosfoglicerato a 2-fosfoglicerato?

Fosfogliceratomutasa Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes enzimas cataliza la primera reacción de la glucólisis, convirtiendo glucosa a glucosa-6-fosfato?

Hexoquinasa Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Glycolysis Process and Enzymes Involved

Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway in which glucose is converted into pyruvate through ten enzymatic steps, yielding two pyruvate molecules and producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The process is divided into two phases: the priming phase and the payoff phase.

Glycolysis Process

Priming Phase

Glucose phosphorylation: The first step involves the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) by the enzyme hexokinase. This reaction is rate-limiting and requires the input of energy in the form of ATP.
Isomerization: The isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) is catalyzed by phosphoglucoisomerase.
Phosphorylation: Fructose-6-phosphate is then phosphorylated at the 1 carbon position to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP) by the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1). This is the committed step of glycolysis, as it has a large ΔG value.
Aldol cleavage: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), by the enzyme fructose bisphosphate aldolase.

Payoff Phase

Phosphorylation: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is phosphorylated at the 3 carbon position to form 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (3PGA) by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation: 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde is then phosphorylated to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG) by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase (TIM). The 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is then dephosphorylated to form 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG) by the enzyme aldolase.
Phosphorylation: 2-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated at the 3 carbon position to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).
Phosphorylation: 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated at the 2 carbon position to form 2-phosphoglycerate by the enzyme phosphoglyceromutase (PGM).
Decarboxylation: The final step involves the decarboxylation of 2-phosphoglycerate to form pyruvate and carbon dioxide (CO2) by the enzyme enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS).

Enzymes Involved

The enzymes involved in glycolysis include:

Hexokinase: Converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
Phosphoglucoisomerase: Catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
Phosphofructokinase-1: Phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
Fructose bisphosphate aldolase: Cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Phosphorylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde.
Triose phosphate isomerase: Converts 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde to 3-phosphoglycerate.
Phosphoglycerate kinase: Phosphorylates 3-phosphoglycerate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
Phosphoglyceromutase: Converts 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate.
Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: Decarboxylates 2-phosphoglycerate to form pyruvate and carbon dioxide.

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Description

Descubre el proceso de glucólisis y las enzimas clave involucradas en esta vía metabólica fundamental. Desde la fase de activación hasta la fase de pago, conoce cada paso y la función específica de enzimas como hexoquinasa, fosfofructoquinasa-1 y gliceraldehído-3-fosfato deshidrogenasa. ¡Pon a prueba tus conocimientos sobre este proceso bioquímico esencial!