Problem Solving and Reasoning

What is the primary advantage of using an algorithm over a heuristic in problem-solving?

Guaranteed solution to a particular problem (correct)
Faster solution time
Reduction in the number of operations
Increased creativity in problem-solving

Why do people with a college education tend to handle stress better than those without a college education?

Because they have developed better problem-solving skills (correct)
Because they are more likely to use algorithms
Because they are more intelligent
Because they are more likely to use heuristics

What is the primary goal of effective representation in problem-solving?

To conceptualize the problem using symbols, diagrams, or visual aids (correct)
To find the fastest solution
To eliminate obstacles in the problem
To reduce the number of operations

What is the main drawback of using an algorithm in problem-solving?

It is very time-consuming (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

An algorithm guarantees a solution, while a heuristic does not (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in improving problem-solving skills?

Fully understanding the problem before attempting to solve it (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which brain hemisphere is associated with critical components of insight?

Right cerebral hemisphere (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of verbalizing strategies while solving insight problems?

Performance is disrupted (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of priming people to think about the distant future on insight and creativity tasks?

Performance is enhanced (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is activated in insightful individuals during the preparation phase prior to the presentation of the insight problem?

Anterior cingulate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of inducing a positive mood on insight?

Performance is enhanced (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of extrinsic motivation on creativity?

Creativity is reduced (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rumination on mental state?

It is associated with depression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of faster reading on mental state?

It is associated with positive mood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between broad associations and positive mood?

There is a bidirectional relationship (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of intrinsic motivation on creativity?

Creativity is enhanced (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common inhibitor of creativity?

Having someone watch while you work (B) Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves temporarily diverting attention from a problem to facilitate creative solutions?

Incubation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions tends to promote lightheartedness and facilitate creative solutions?

Watching a comedy film (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of brainstorming, according to the text?

It suspends criticism and judgment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the experiment involving messy and tidy office spaces?

Those in the messy space generated more creative ideas (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the behavior of participants who sat in the messy and tidy office spaces, respectively?

Those in the tidy space were more likely to choose the apple (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the means-end heuristic in problem-solving?

Breaking down a problem into smaller parts to reduce the gap between the current and desired states (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary obstacle to problem-solving addressed by the example of the therapist forming a first impression of a patient?

Confirmation bias (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between insight and non-insight problems in problem-solving?

Insight problems require novel realizations, while non-insight problems do not (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using analogical thinking in problem-solving?

It facilitates the reuse of known solutions from similar problems (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fostering insight in problem-solving?

To create conditions that promote sudden innovative solutions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of organizing information efficiently in problem-solving?

It facilitates the finding of shortcuts and simplifies problem-solving (C) Signup and view all the answers