Problem-Oriented Policing, SARA & CompStat

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Questions and Answers

Which sector is LEAST likely to be a key partner for community-oriented policing, focusing on addressing violence against women?

  • Traditional community leaders
  • Private technology companies (correct)
  • Non-governmental service providers
  • Local media outlets

In a community-oriented policing strategy, which action exemplifies the engagement of community members and groups in addressing violence against women?

  • Increasing police patrols in high-crime areas.
  • Seeking input from local women's organizations to shape policing strategies. (correct)
  • Establishing a confidential hotline managed by police dispatchers.
  • Implementing mandatory arrest policies for domestic violence offenders.

A community-oriented policing initiative aims to improve the relationship between law enforcement and the community. How can local media MOST effectively contribute to this goal?

  • By focusing on national crime trends rather than local issues.
  • By sensationalizing crime stories to increase viewership.
  • By exclusively reporting on police successes to improve public perception.
  • By publicizing community resources and promoting accurate information about relevant laws. (correct)

How would collaboration with health and social services MOST directly support community-oriented policing efforts to reduce violence?

<p>By offering comprehensive support services for survivors of abuse and those at risk. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach represents the MOST effective use of traditional and community leaders in preventing domestic violence, sexual abuse, and child abuse?

<p>Providing leaders with training to recognize and appropriately respond to abuse, linking victims to support services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes traditional, incident-driven policing?

<p>A reactive approach where officers respond to calls and patrol, addressing situations as they arise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) emphasizes which of the following?

<p>Analyzing crime data to identify patterns and develop targeted response strategies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the SARA model, what is the primary goal of the 'Scanning' phase?

<p>To identify and prioritize the most pressing crime problems in a specific area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the 'Analysis' phase of the SARA model, which question would be MOST relevant?

<p>How does this problem compare to similar issues in neighboring jurisdictions? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A police department is developing a response plan as part of the SARA model. What should they consider during this phase?

<p>Whether the proposed plan aligns with available resources and strategic objectives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Assessment phase of the SARA model, what is the key objective?

<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented response and identify areas for improvement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A police department is using the SARA model to address a rise in bicycle thefts. After analyzing the problem, they discover the thefts are concentrated near a local university and are occurring because students are not locking their bikes. Which of the following would be a suitable response?

<p>Installing more bike racks on campus and launching an educational campaign about bike security. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A police department implemented a SARA model-based intervention to reduce burglaries. After the intervention, they observed a decrease in burglaries but an increase in vandalism in the same area. What should they do during the Assessment phase?

<p>Analyze the unintended consequences of the intervention and adjust the strategy accordingly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to follow each step of the SARA model without skipping any?

<p>Following each step ensures a comprehensive and methodical approach to problem-solving. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of CompStat?

<p>To collect, analyze, and map crime data to hold police managers accountable for their performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of CompStat is to shift police commanders' focus from simply responding to crime to what?

<p>Thinking proactively about crime suppression, intervention, and prevention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the philosophical alignment of Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP)?

<p>Closely aligned with problem-oriented policing, CompStat, and community-oriented policing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does ILP differ from problem-oriented policing in its approach to law enforcement?

<p>ILP is more hierarchical, emphasizing a top-down approach to law enforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In its original formulation, what is the potential conflict between intelligence-led policing and community policing?

<p>ILP can be considered incompatible with community contact and empowerment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does intelligence-led policing determine strategy and priorities?

<p>Through an objective analysis of the criminal environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of community-oriented policing?

<p>To bring the police and the public closer together to address crime issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does community policing differ from traditional policing?

<p>Community policing empowers the community rather than dictating to it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core idea within community policing?

<p>Working together with the community and forming partnerships within it. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does community policing address distrust and hostility towards law enforcement, especially in marginalized communities?

<p>By engaging and encouraging community involvement through problem-solving and crime prevention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the outcomes of positive interactions between officers and citizens in community policing?

<p>Built trust and confidence in law enforcement and stronger bonds between officers and the community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is accomplished through daily face-to-face encounters promoted by community policing?

<p>Changed attitudes of officers about citizens and vice versa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In community policing, what do officers and community members work together to achieve?

<p>To solve community problems that lead to crime and to prevent crime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant outcome of community policing in terms of fear and safety?

<p>A reduction of the fear of law enforcement and a reduction of the fear of crime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of community-oriented policing in relation to law enforcement agencies?

<p>It acts as a binding element that fosters communication and intelligence sharing between law enforcement and communities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An officer is mediating a neighborhood dispute instead of making an arrest. Which aspect of peace officer responsibilities does this exemplify?

<p>Expanding methods beyond arrests to include mediation and referrals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A police department implements regular foot patrols in a high-crime area to build relationships with residents and deter crime. What type of policing strategy does this represent?

<p>Proactive policing, which focuses on preventing crime through community engagement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a community expectation of peace officers?

<p>Maintaining absolute authority without community input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A community expresses concern about the lack of diversity within the police force. Which community expectation does this primarily relate to?

<p>Being representative of the community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle should guide a peace officer's use of force, especially when dealing with vulnerable individuals?

<p>Preservation of life as the foundation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should peace officers approach their biases to ensure fair treatment of all individuals?

<p>Acknowledge and actively work to reduce their biases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence when peace officers abuse their authority or fail to fulfill their duties?

<p>Erosion of public trust and reduced credibility. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for peace officers to understand the socio-economic makeup of their beat?

<p>To effectively patrol and address specific community needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A peace officer notices a pattern of vandalism concentrated near a specific school. Which aspect of their beat knowledge helped them identify this issue?

<p>Problem areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is establishing community policing partnerships considered beneficial?

<p>It increases crime prevention opportunities and enhances neighborhood conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A local business owner regularly provides information to the police about suspicious activities in their neighborhood. What does this illustrate?

<p>The importance of partnerships between law enforcement and the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step a peace officer should take when they recognize a potential conflict between community expectations and legal requirements?

<p>Seek guidance from supervisors and legal counsel to find a balanced approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A peace officer consistently treats all individuals with respect, regardless of their background or status. Which key principle of community policing does this action reflect?

<p>Promoting unbiased policing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peace officers are encouraged to be 'servant leaders.' What does this entail?

<p>Using influence to improve others’ welfare and serve the community. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Traditional Policing

Officers respond to calls and patrol, reacting to crimes that have occurred or are in progress.

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)

Identifying and analyzing specific crime problems to develop effective response strategies.

S.A.R.A. Model

A problem-solving approach using Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment.

Scanning (in SARA)

Identifying and prioritizing crime problems in a specific area.

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Analysis (in SARA)

Collecting and examining data to understand the nature and scope of a crime problem.

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Response (in SARA)

Developing and implementing a plan to address the identified crime problem.

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Assessment (in SARA)

Evaluating the effectiveness of the response plan and identifying areas for improvement.

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Proactive Policing

A proactive approach focusing on analyzing and solving underlying community issues to reduce crime.

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Key Policing Partner: Govt.

Government bodies like local authorities, prosecutors, and public works.

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Key Policing Partner: Community

Individuals and groups interested in addressing violence, including volunteers and community leaders.

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Key Policing Partner: Leaders

Trusted figures who often mediate conflicts, especially in domestic violence cases.

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Key Policing Partner: Service Providers

Organizations offering services like shelters and support groups to survivors of violence.

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Key Policing Partners: Business & Media

Businesses contributing resources and local media raising awareness and shaping public perception.

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CompStat

A crime management tool that involves the collection, analysis, and mapping of crime data to hold police managers accountable.

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Weekly Crime Activity Reports

Weekly reports that agencies generate so they can be held accountable for achieving objectives.

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Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP)

A policing philosophy that uses criminal intelligence to inform decision-making at the executive level.

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Hierarchical Approach in ILP

A top-down approach when criminal intelligence flows up to decision-makers at the executive level, who set priorities for enforcement and prevention.

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Community-Oriented Policing

A policing strategy that emphasizes collaboration between police and the community to address crime issues.

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Problem Solving in Community Policing

Finding out the causes of crime and disorder, and creatively solve problems in their assigned communities

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Community Policing Philosophy

Empowering the community rather than dictating to the community

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Community Policing Core Ideas

Community-based elements that differentiate it from the traditional police model

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Community Interaction in Policing

Engaging and encouraging community interaction by demonstrating the value and necessity of community involvement through its outcomes of problem solving and crime prevention.

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Role of Community Policing

Essential to helping address problems related to distrust and hostility towards law enforcement, especially in communities of caste minorities and other stigmatized groups.

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Positive Officer-Citizen Interactions

Builds trust and confidence in law enforcement and stronger bonds between officers and the community

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Focus of Community Policing

Not only focuses on fighting crimes, but also on enhancing neighborhood safety.

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Community Policing: Developing Networks

Police must develop a network of personal contacts both inside and outside their departments.

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Community Policing: Fear Reduction

A reduction of the fear of law enforcement that characterizes many communities, and a reduction of the fear of crime is accomplished.

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Community Policing: Promoting Interactions

Positive interactions are promoted between officers and citizens, which in turn builds trust and confidence in law enforcement and stronger bonds between officers and the community.

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Officer Accountability

Being answerable to the public, representatives, and the law, with transparent decision-making.

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Collaborative Policing

Working together with community members and organizations to resolve disagreements and solve problems.

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Officer Education & Training

Officers should have broad education, rigorous training in ethics and democratic policing skills.

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Effective, Preventive Policing

Focusing on preventing crime/disorder through research, practical knowledge, and problem-solving.

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Ethical Practice

Maintaining honesty and practicing good ethics in all actions.

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Good Decision-Making

Demonstrating good decision-making skills in all aspects of life.

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Model Citizen

Being a good citizen, both on and off duty.

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Peacekeeper and Protector

Protecting human rights, especially for those who cannot defend themselves.

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Representative Force

Ensuring the police force reflects the community's demographics.

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Respectful Treatment

Treating all people with unconditional courtesy and respect.

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Servant Leadership

Using authority/influence to improve the welfare of others.

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Unbiased Policing

Reducing personal biases and treating all fairly, regardless of background.

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Study Notes

  • Traditional policing involves responding to calls and patrolling communities, reacting to crimes that have occurred or are in progress.

Problem-Oriented Policing (POP)

  • A policing strategy focused on identifying and analyzing specific crime and disorder problems and developing effective response strategies.
  • It is a proactive approach that targets the underlying problems to reduce crime and disorder at their roots, emphasizing research and analysis.

S.A.R.A. Model

  • A problem-oriented policing approach outlining the steps needed in crime fighting, with SARA being an acronym for:
    • Scanning: Identifying the crime problem.
    • Analysis: Collection of data relevant to the problem.
    • Response: Developing and implementing a plan to address the crime problem.
    • Assessment: Evaluating the effectiveness of the response plan.

CompStat

  • A crime management tool involving the collection, analysis, and mapping of crime data and police performance measures.
  • It pushes agencies to generate weekly crime reports, promoting proactive thinking and accountability.
  • It is a strategic control system designed for the collection and feedback of information on crime and related quality-of-life issues.

Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP)

  • Closely aligned with problem-oriented policing and the accountability of CompStat, but distinct from both.
  • It emphasizes a top-down approach where criminal intelligence flows to decision-makers who set priorities for enforcement and prevention.
  • It differs from community policing by prioritizing objective analysis of the criminal environment over community input.

Community-Oriented Policing

  • Aims to bring the police and public closer together to address crime issues.
  • It empowers the community and focuses on citizen input, partnerships, creative problem-solving, and shared responsibility.
  • Core ideas include:
    • Relying on citizen input
    • Working together with the community
    • Forming partnerships within the community
    • Creativity in problem solving
    • Sharing responsibility
  • Goals:
    • Encourages community interaction and involvement.
    • Addresses distrust and hostility towards law enforcement.
    • Promotes positive interactions between officers and citizens, building trust.
    • Enhances neighborhood safety by focusing on crime prevention.
  • Community-oriented policing provides law enforcement agencies with day-to-day intelligence.

Peace Officer Responsibilities

  • Expand beyond controlling criminal activity to preventing crime, promoting order, resolving disputes, and providing emergency assistance.
  • Methods and resources include mediation, negotiation, referrals, and community mobilization.

Proactive vs. Reactive Policing

  • Proactive policing deters criminal activity by police presence and public engagement.
  • Reactive policing responds to complaints after a crime has been committed.

Community Expectations of Peace Officers:

  • Accountable and transparent in their actions and decision-making.
  • Collaborative with community members.
  • Educated and well-trained in the sciences, humanities, ethics, and skills of democratic policing.
  • Effective and preventive, using problem-solving methods.
  • Honest and ethical.
  • Model citizens.
  • Peacekeepers and protectors of human rights.
  • Representative of the communities they serve.
  • Respectful and courteous to all persons.
  • Restrained in the use of force.
  • Servant leaders who improve others’ welfare.
  • Unbiased and fair to all people.

Peace Officer Responsibilities to Enforce the Law

  • Adhere to integrity and professionalism.
  • Treat community members fairly and equally.
  • Know the components of their beat, including socio-economic makeup, geographical characteristics, crime trends, and residential/business locations.

Importance of Partnering with Community Organizations:

  • Creating comprehensive partnerships empowers the community and enhances crime prevention.
  • Potential partners include government agencies, community members, traditional leaders, service providers, private businesses, and local media.

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