Probability & Punnett Squares

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Questions and Answers

What does the Principle of Independent Assortment explain about genetic traits?

Traits only segregate during fertilization.
All traits are inherited together.
Different traits are inherited independently from each other. (correct)
Traits can only be inherited from one parent.

What was the outcome when Mendel crossed true-breeding round, yellow peas with wrinkled, green peas?

The offspring showed only one trait of the parents.
The offspring displayed a mix of traits.
The offspring were all wrinkled and green.
All offspring were round and yellow. (correct)

Which of the following best describes Mendel's F2 generation offspring?

They displayed only one trait from the parents.
They were all true-breeding.
They reproduced without segregation.
They had combinations of alleles not present in the F1 generation. (correct)

What does independent assortment imply about traits that are located on different chromosomes?

<p>They do not affect each other's inheritance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's experiments, what was a significant finding regarding genetic variation?

<p>Genetic variation arises because traits assort independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Independent Assortment

Alleles for different traits separate independently during gamete formation.

Two-Factor Cross

A cross involving two different traits. Mendel crossed pea plants with round, yellow peas with wrinkled, green peas to study inheritance of two traits at once.

F1 Generation

The first generation offspring of a cross between two true-breeding parents.

F2 Generation

The second generation offspring resulting from a cross between two individuals of the F1 generation.

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Principle of Independent Assortment

The principle explaining that different traits are inherited independently from each other due to alleles sorting independently during gamete formation.

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Study Notes

Probability & Punnett Squares

Independent Assortment answers Mendel's questions about inheritance.
Mendel crossed true-breeding plants with different traits (e.g., round yellow peas vs. wrinkled green peas).
The offspring (F₁) all showed one trait from each parent (e.g., all round yellow).
The F₂ generation showed new combinations of traits not seen in the initial parents, demonstrating Independent Assortment.
Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation, resulting in genetic variation.
This is because different traits are on different chromosomes.