Privacy Expectations in Public and Private Spaces

<p>Harris's actions created probable cause for his detention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visibility to the public can diminish expectations of privacy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The police officer makes a traffic stop and effectively restricts the driver's movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicated unlawful activity, providing probable cause for further action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When individual actions are taken out of context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vehicle's color matched a report linked to criminal activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anna’s recording made Mike's private conversation illegal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The owner provided consent and probable cause was established. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prolonged questioning of the passengers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The officer had reason to believe Grant had a weapon. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The totality of circumstances must support the suspicion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Items recognized based on training may be deemed admissible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Officers can extend the stop based on their reasonable suspicion about occupants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be based on suspicion of a specific person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Jersey V. T.L.O. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warrants are required to search cell phones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public safety exception. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sufficient reason based on known facts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Searching a private phone without consent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not consider language barriers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Searches at the border have fewer requirements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knock and announce was not utilized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Searches may be conducted within reach of the driver. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confession and authority were present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There must be probable cause and mobility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objects in plain view may be seized if the officer is there legally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The weapons were disproportionate to the situation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared space and living arrangement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assumed the suspect was armed without evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The officer based his identification on training and experience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The officer was unaware of false information in the warrant affidavit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The officer provided misleading information on the warrant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical evidence of harm was present for both parties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The offense was a misdemeanor and posed no public threat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Officers may arrest for minor offenses if probable cause exists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The officer had a valid warrant and probable cause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There often exists inequality in arrests between parties involved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Someone using a public restroom does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy if they are visible to the public.

Someone who agrees to wear a wire becomes an agent of the government, and conversations are not considered private.

Inviting someone into your home does not give them the right to act as a government spy.

If officers lawfully can smell illegal substances in an area open to the public, no search warrant is needed.

If a person evades police, they lose privacy rights, giving the officer probable cause for a search and seizure.

If an owner grants permission, and probable cause exists for illegal substances, a search of a storage unit is constitutional.

Reasonable belief that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed.

Certain searches, like those in 'plain view', don't require a warrant.

A reasonable belief, based on articulable facts, that criminal activity is afoot, justifying a brief investigatory stop.

Establishes that a passenger in a car stopped by police is also seized and has the right to challenge the stop.

Factors like an area's reputation for crime, unusual clothing, and combined suspicious behavior can cause reasonable suspicion.

Temporary detention of a person based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.

A traffic stop with a different motive (reasonable suspicion) than the reason stated.

Probable cause requires more evidence of criminal activity for an arrest or search, while reasonable suspicion is enough for brief questioning/investigation.

An unwarranted or excessive wait time during a stop, particularly for backup officers, can make a stop invalid.

An officer's experience and training provide context in assessing suspicion, as long as details are not obscured or removed, to ensure the stop is legal.

A court case concerning the admissibility of evidence seized without a warrant. The court case details how an officer searched a vehicle and found suspected cocaine, stating it was crack due to training. However, the exact nature of the substance could not be determined right away, making the evidence insufficiently characterized.

Sufficient reason to believe that a crime has been committed or is about to be committed, thus justifying an arrest or search.

A landmark court case that deals with the issue of evidence admissibility when an officer mistakenly includes false information in a warrant affidavit. This case established the exclusionary rule.

Cases like Mahtan v. City of Sunnydale highlighted potential bias in domestic violence arrests, where the arresting officer might favor one partner.

A warrant is needed to enter someone's home, unless there are specific, extenuating circumstances, such as an immediate threat to public safety.

A court case where police entered a home for a misdemeanor offense without a warrant. The court ruled that a warrant is typically needed in cases where entering a home for a misdemeanor, not involving immediate danger, is involved.

A Supreme Court case establishing that officers with probable cause can arrest someone for a minor offense, even without a warrant.

A court decision supporting lawful home entry with a warrant, and demonstrating lawful probable cause.

Officers must announce their presence before entering a residence, unless there's a threat of harm or destruction of evidence.

An officer can search areas within a suspect's immediate control during an arrest.

Someone with actual authority over a place can give consent to search that space.

Probable cause and mobility justify searching a vehicle (including an aircraft), without a warrant.

If an object is in plain view and an officer is lawfully in a place, the object can be seized legally.

Illegally possessed objects can be seized if the officer is legally present and the items are visible.

Searches authorized by consent are limited to the scope of the consent given.

A policy that restricts entry to a neighborhood, potentially violating the 4th Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

Searches at international airports are legal even without suspicion, as the public safety risk outweighs the intrusion.

School officials don't need warrants or probable cause for searches, but they must be reasonable and within the scope of the search.

The right to remain silent and the right to an attorney during custodial interrogations, ensured by the 5th Amendment.

Searching a person's phone without a warrant is usually unconstitutional, as it is considered a violation of their privacy.

Using biometric information like facial recognition to unlock a phone requires a warrant for the same reasons as searching the phone itself.

Law enforcement can ask questions related to the safety of themselves and the public even after an arrest, without reading Miranda rights.

Questioning a person while they are in custody, which requires law enforcement to read the Miranda warnings.