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What makes certain individuals more susceptible to particular infections?

Access to healthcare and vaccinations

Good living circumstances

Poor nutrition and weakened immune systems (correct)

Strong immune systems

Which type of bacteria cannot be identified by gram staining?

Mycobacteria (correct)

Streptococci

Staphylococci

Vibrios

What are the three key factors that influence the outcome of an infection?

Genetic predisposition, nutrition, and living circumstances

Host's immune system, affected body systems, and drugs used (correct)

Host's immune system, affected body systems, and lifestyle

Vaccinations, healthcare, and nutrition

What is the purpose of acid fast stains?

To detect the bacterial causes of tuberculosis and leprosy Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of viruses?

Can be enveloped Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mycobacteria cell envelope?

Acid fastness Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria has a unique shape of spirilla?

Helicobacter pylori Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-pathogen?

A bacterium that doesn't cause disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mycoplasmas?

No peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What do many non-pathogens do?

Perform essential ecological roles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Ziehl-Neelsen Fluorescent stain?

To visualize internal structures of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bacteria?

Peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is a spore-former?

Clostridium botulinum Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is caused by the accumulation of protein particles in nervous tissue and brain tissue?

Degenerative disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the PRNP gene in an organism's DNA?

It encodes for prion protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a prion?

An infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins Signup and view all the answers

What do viruses lack that allows them to rely on host cells for replication?

Metabolic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of a virus's genetic material?

Only RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an enveloped virus and a non-enveloped virus?

Presence of a membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the envelope in an enveloped virus?

To facilitate cell entry Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for bacterial growth?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria cannot be properly demonstrated with the Gram stain?

Mycobacterium and Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are Facultative?

Facultative organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stain used to detect acid-fast bacteria?

Acid-fast stain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beta-lactam antibiotics?

To inhibit cell wall synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phase of growth where the number of viable cells remains constant?

Stationary phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of complex structures by bacteria on a surface?

Biofilm formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Gram stain?

To classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the iodine solution in the Gram staining process?

To form a large molecular complex with crystal violet Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the Gram staining process for Gram-positive bacteria?

They stain blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cell wall that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

The permeability of the cell wall to acetone Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the Gram staining process?

Application of safranin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acetone or methanol solution in the Gram staining process?

To remove the crystal violet stain from Gram-negative cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Gram stain in microbiology?

It is used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of their cell wall composition?

Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that is more resistant to acetone, while Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall that is less resistant Signup and view all the answers

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