36 Questions
What makes certain individuals more susceptible to particular infections?
Poor nutrition and weakened immune systems
Which type of bacteria cannot be identified by gram staining?
Mycobacteria
What are the three key factors that influence the outcome of an infection?
Host's immune system, affected body systems, and drugs used
What is the purpose of acid fast stains?
To detect the bacterial causes of tuberculosis and leprosy
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Membrane-bound organelles
What is a characteristic of viruses?
Can be enveloped
What is the characteristic of mycobacteria cell envelope?
Acid fastness
Which type of bacteria has a unique shape of spirilla?
Helicobacter pylori
What is a non-pathogen?
A bacterium that doesn't cause disease
What is the characteristic of mycoplasmas?
No peptidoglycan
What do many non-pathogens do?
Perform essential ecological roles
What is the purpose of Ziehl-Neelsen Fluorescent stain?
To visualize internal structures of bacteria
What is a characteristic of bacteria?
Peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide cell wall
Which type of bacteria is a spore-former?
Clostridium botulinum
What type of disease is caused by the accumulation of protein particles in nervous tissue and brain tissue?
Degenerative disease
What is the function of the PRNP gene in an organism's DNA?
It encodes for prion protein
What is a prion?
An infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins
What do viruses lack that allows them to rely on host cells for replication?
Metabolic enzymes
What is the primary component of a virus's genetic material?
Only RNA
What is the main difference between an enveloped virus and a non-enveloped virus?
Presence of a membrane
What is the function of the envelope in an enveloped virus?
To facilitate cell entry
What is essential for bacterial growth?
All of the above
What type of bacteria cannot be properly demonstrated with the Gram stain?
Mycobacterium and Chlamydia
What type of organisms are Facultative?
Facultative organisms
What is the name of the stain used to detect acid-fast bacteria?
Acid-fast stain
What is the purpose of beta-lactam antibiotics?
To inhibit cell wall synthesis
What is the name of the phase of growth where the number of viable cells remains constant?
Stationary phase
What is the term for the formation of complex structures by bacteria on a surface?
Biofilm formation
What is the primary function of the Gram stain?
To classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition
What is the purpose of the iodine solution in the Gram staining process?
To form a large molecular complex with crystal violet
What is the outcome of the Gram staining process for Gram-positive bacteria?
They stain blue
What is the characteristic of the cell wall that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?
The permeability of the cell wall to acetone
What is the final step in the Gram staining process?
Application of safranin
What is the function of the acetone or methanol solution in the Gram staining process?
To remove the crystal violet stain from Gram-negative cells
What is the significance of the Gram stain in microbiology?
It is used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition
What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of their cell wall composition?
Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that is more resistant to acetone, while Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall that is less resistant
Learn about prions, infectious particles made up of misfolded prion proteins, and their role in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Discover how the PRNP gene encodes for prion protein and its effects on the brain tissue.
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