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Questions and Answers

What makes certain individuals more susceptible to particular infections?

  • Access to healthcare and vaccinations
  • Good living circumstances
  • Poor nutrition and weakened immune systems (correct)
  • Strong immune systems

Which type of bacteria cannot be identified by gram staining?

  • Mycobacteria (correct)
  • Streptococci
  • Staphylococci
  • Vibrios

What are the three key factors that influence the outcome of an infection?

  • Genetic predisposition, nutrition, and living circumstances
  • Host's immune system, affected body systems, and drugs used (correct)
  • Host's immune system, affected body systems, and lifestyle
  • Vaccinations, healthcare, and nutrition

What is the purpose of acid fast stains?

<p>To detect the bacterial causes of tuberculosis and leprosy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>Membrane-bound organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of viruses?

<p>Can be enveloped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mycobacteria cell envelope?

<p>Acid fastness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria has a unique shape of spirilla?

<p>Helicobacter pylori (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-pathogen?

<p>A bacterium that doesn't cause disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mycoplasmas?

<p>No peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do many non-pathogens do?

<p>Perform essential ecological roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Ziehl-Neelsen Fluorescent stain?

<p>To visualize internal structures of bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan or lipopolysaccharide cell wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is a spore-former?

<p>Clostridium botulinum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is caused by the accumulation of protein particles in nervous tissue and brain tissue?

<p>Degenerative disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the PRNP gene in an organism's DNA?

<p>It encodes for prion protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prion?

<p>An infectious particle made up of misfolded prion proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do viruses lack that allows them to rely on host cells for replication?

<p>Metabolic enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of a virus's genetic material?

<p>Only RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an enveloped virus and a non-enveloped virus?

<p>Presence of a membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the envelope in an enveloped virus?

<p>To facilitate cell entry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for bacterial growth?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria cannot be properly demonstrated with the Gram stain?

<p>Mycobacterium and Chlamydia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are Facultative?

<p>Facultative organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the stain used to detect acid-fast bacteria?

<p>Acid-fast stain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of beta-lactam antibiotics?

<p>To inhibit cell wall synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phase of growth where the number of viable cells remains constant?

<p>Stationary phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of complex structures by bacteria on a surface?

<p>Biofilm formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Gram stain?

<p>To classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the iodine solution in the Gram staining process?

<p>To form a large molecular complex with crystal violet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the Gram staining process for Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>They stain blue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cell wall that distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>The permeability of the cell wall to acetone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the Gram staining process?

<p>Application of safranin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acetone or methanol solution in the Gram staining process?

<p>To remove the crystal violet stain from Gram-negative cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Gram stain in microbiology?

<p>It is used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of their cell wall composition?

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall that is more resistant to acetone, while Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall that is less resistant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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