Principles of Organization and Humanistic Approach

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary focus of the humanistic approach in organizations?

Studying theoretical models through abstract concepts

Promoting individual achievements over team efforts

Implementing rigid hierarchical structures

Emphasizing empirical methods and real-life events (correct)

Which management style did Likert identify as the most optimal?

Authoritarian-paternalistic

Democratic (correct)

Authoritarian-exploitative

Consultative

What role do linking pins play in an organization according to Likert?

They are solely focused on enhancing individual productivity

They serve only as subordinates without decision-making power

They facilitate communication and decision-making at all levels (correct)

They create a divide between leaders and subordinates

How do authoritarian organizations function according to Likert's theory?

They enforce a subordinate hierarchical model Signup and view all the answers

In McGregor's concept, which two theories represent opposing perspectives on employee motivation?

Theory X and Theory Y Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of democratic management structures?

Full understanding and free sharing of ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which organizational model does Likert view as beneficial for fostering group decisions?

Collaborative and democratic models Signup and view all the answers

What does Likert suggest about the role of employees in effective organizational structures?

Employees can contribute to defining work tasks Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of subordination of employees primarily refer to?

The hierarchical structure and responsibility distribution within the organization. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the roles of field function employees?

They are responsible for achieving the organization's primary objectives. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'narrow' control span in organizational structure?

Includes only two subordinates overseen by a manager. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'broad' control span?

It consists of managing up to 15 employees. Signup and view all the answers

According to classical theory, what is the ideal reporting structure for subordinates?

Direct reporting to only one superior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of organizations with a small control span?

They tend to have a vertical organizational structure. Signup and view all the answers

How does the classical theory approach organizational structure?

It aims to create an optimal organization structure. Signup and view all the answers

What role do staff function employees play in an organization?

They provide assistance and support to field function employees. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Principles of Organization

Subordination of Employees: The higher an employee’s position, the greater their responsibility.
Field and Staff Work Principles: Employees perform field functions to achieve primary objectives (e.g., production in a factory). Staff functions support the work of field employees (e.g., finance, legal, and human resources).
Control Span: Refers to the number of subordinates a superior oversees. A narrow span means fewer subordinates (2), while a broad span means more subordinates (up to 15).
Classical Theory: Focuses on establishing an optimal organizational structure. It's considered outdated but remains fundamental in industry.

Humanistic Approach

R. Likert’s Theory: Management is defined by structural characteristics, particularly the decision-making process.
Four Forms of Management: Authoritarian-exploitative, Authoritarian-paternalistic, Consultative, and Democratic. The most optimal form is democratic, where leaders and subordinates collaborate fully on decision-making.
Democratic Management: Employees participate in decision-making at all levels.
Linking Pins: Employees who serve as leaders and subordinates simultaneously, acting as crucial elements for effective communication and decision-making in the organization.

D. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

This concept offers a positive critique of classical theory.
It analyzes two opposing perspectives on employee motivation and management.

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Description

Explore the foundational concepts of organizational principles and humanistic management approaches. Understand the role of employee subordination, control spans, and classical theories compared to modern democratic management styles. This quiz covers essential theories that influence organizational structures and employee relations.