Principles of Organization and Humanistic Approach

What was the primary focus of the humanistic approach in organizations?

Which management style did Likert identify as the most optimal?

What role do linking pins play in an organization according to Likert?

How do authoritarian organizations function according to Likert's theory?

In McGregor's concept, which two theories represent opposing perspectives on employee motivation?

What is a key characteristic of democratic management structures?

Which organizational model does Likert view as beneficial for fostering group decisions?

What does Likert suggest about the role of employees in effective organizational structures?

What does the principle of subordination of employees primarily refer to?

Which statement best describes the roles of field function employees?

What is a 'narrow' control span in organizational structure?

Which of the following best describes a 'broad' control span?

According to classical theory, what is the ideal reporting structure for subordinates?

What is a key characteristic of organizations with a small control span?

How does the classical theory approach organizational structure?

What role do staff function employees play in an organization?

Principles of Organization

Subordination of Employees: The higher an employee’s position, the greater their responsibility.
Field and Staff Work Principles: Employees perform field functions to achieve primary objectives (e.g., production in a factory). Staff functions support the work of field employees (e.g., finance, legal, and human resources).
Control Span: Refers to the number of subordinates a superior oversees. A narrow span means fewer subordinates (2), while a broad span means more subordinates (up to 15).
Classical Theory: Focuses on establishing an optimal organizational structure. It's considered outdated but remains fundamental in industry.

Humanistic Approach

R. Likert’s Theory: Management is defined by structural characteristics, particularly the decision-making process.
Four Forms of Management: Authoritarian-exploitative, Authoritarian-paternalistic, Consultative, and Democratic. The most optimal form is democratic, where leaders and subordinates collaborate fully on decision-making.
Democratic Management: Employees participate in decision-making at all levels.
Linking Pins: Employees who serve as leaders and subordinates simultaneously, acting as crucial elements for effective communication and decision-making in the organization.

D. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

This concept offers a positive critique of classical theory.
It analyzes two opposing perspectives on employee motivation and management.

Explore the foundational concepts of organizational principles and humanistic management approaches. Understand the role of employee subordination, control spans, and classical theories compared to modern democratic management styles. This quiz covers essential theories that influence organizational structures and employee relations.