Principles of Medical Laboratory Science 1

Questions and Answers

What is one critical role of a medical technologist regarding the accuracy of test results?

To disregard confidentiality protocols

To ensure that results are interpreted by the physician without bias

To maintain honesty during every test procedure (correct)

To perform tests only on healthy individuals

Which act governs the practice of medical technology in the Philippines?

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

R.A. 5527 or the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (correct)

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Which aspect is essential for ensuring timely delivery of laboratory results?

Recognizing requests marked as 'STAT' (correct)

Delaying results for quality control checks

Ignoring the source of requests for results

Prioritizing routine tests over emergency ones

In what way does confidentiality affect healthcare practice?

It requires consent for release of personal health information Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for a medical technologist to perform special procedures?

To operate advanced diagnostic equipment Signup and view all the answers

What does collaboration among healthcare professionals lead to?

Success in achieving desired health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is essential for conducting laboratory tests accurately?

Ensuring precision in test procedures Signup and view all the answers

What does the Code of Ethics for medical technology professionals emphasize?

Professional behavior at all times Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did the Act introduce for apothecaries?

It made apprenticeship and formal qualifications mandatory. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dr. William H. Welch serve at John Hopkins University in 1885?

First professor of Pathology Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory was established first in 1896?

Clinical laboratory at John Hopkins Hospital Signup and view all the answers

How many technicians were employed in the United States by the year 1900?

100 Signup and view all the answers

What legislation was enacted by Pennsylvania in 1915 regarding laboratory technicians?

It mandated hospitals to have adequate laboratories and full-time technicians. Signup and view all the answers

What was one impact of World War I on clinical laboratories?

An increase in the demand for technicians Signup and view all the answers

What significant educational program was established in 1922 at the University of Minnesota?

Courses in Medical Technology for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of World War II regarding laboratory medicine?

Adoption of a close system of blood collection Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is credited with discovering the vaccination for smallpox?

Edward Jenner Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Joseph Lister make to the field of medical technology?

Steam sterilization in surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which technique did Kary Mullis develop?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Gregor Mendel's studies?

Inherited characteristics in plants Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is responsible for the first pictures of bacilli?

Robert Koch Signup and view all the answers

Which advancement did Ernst von Bergmann introduce in the medical field?

Steam sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms did Howard Ricketts discover?

Rickettsiae Signup and view all the answers

Who was instructed to prepare a syllabus for the training of medical technicians?

Dr. Prudencio Sta. Ana Signup and view all the answers

Which institution was the first to establish a Medical Technology School in the Philippines?

Manila Sanitarium Hospital Signup and view all the answers

What was the first degree program in Medical Technology to be approved by the Bureau of Education?

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology Signup and view all the answers

Who founded the medical technology education in the Philippines?

Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the University of Santo Tomas first offer an elective course in pharmacy related to medical technology?

1957 Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of the training course conducted by Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Tirso Briones?

Six months Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first student to graduate from the Philippine Union College?

Mr. Jesse Umali Signup and view all the answers

Which subjects' laboratory curriculum was established by Dr. Hedrick and Mrs. McKelvey at the Manila Sanitarium Hospital?

Microbiology, Parasitology, and Histopathology Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is recognized as the founder of scientific medicine?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

What significant contribution did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek make during the 17th century?

Invention of the microscope Signup and view all the answers

Which act, initiated by Baron Karl Von Humbeldt, transformed medical treatment based on laboratory findings?

Apothecaries Act of 1815 Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Rudolf Virchow make to the field of medical technology?

Studied cellular manifestations of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of Anna Fagelson's work in the 14th century?

Correlation of death to laboratory-acquired infections Signup and view all the answers

What discovery is associated with Vivian Herrick?

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides Signup and view all the answers

What was a major characteristic of medical laboratories in the medieval period (1098-1438)?

Development of urinalysis techniques Signup and view all the answers

What role did Dr. Calvin Ellis play in the advancement of medical technology?

Utilized the microscope to examine specimens Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Medical Technology Profession

Medical technology evolved through four significant stages: Ancient Greece (460 BC), the Apothecaries Act of 1815, the entry of modern medical technology in the US in 1871, and the establishment of medical technology courses in the Philippines.
Hippocrates is recognized as the founder of scientific medicine, linking anatomical findings to disease causes and promoting treatments that included drugs, surgery, and bloodletting.
Vivian Herrick identified intestinal parasitic infections caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species, documented in Ebers Papyrus.
An Arabian physician, Anenzoa, discovered that parasites cause skin diseases, particularly scabies.
The Medieval period saw the development of urinalysis as a diagnostic tool.
Anna Fagelson correlated a laboratory-acquired infection in a lab worker, marking early recognition of occupational hazards.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope, enabling significant advancements in observing red blood cells and differentiating bacteria.

Medical Technology in the 18th Century

Rudolf Virchow, known as the father of microscopic pathology, emphasized studying diseases at the cellular level.
Dr. Calvin Ellis first utilized microscopes for specimen examination in a clinical setting.
Dr. William Occam pioneered using laboratory findings in patient diagnosis, enhancing the role of medical technology in clinical practice.
The Apothecaries Act of 1815 formalized education and qualifications for apothecaries, influencing standards in medical care.

Medical Technology in the United States

Medical education reforms occurred post-1885 under Dr. William H. Welch, who became the first professor of pathology at Johns Hopkins University.
The first clinical laboratory was established at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1896.
Legislative advancements in 1915 mandated hospitals in Pennsylvania to maintain laboratory services staffed with full-time technicians.
By 1920, the number of laboratory technicians soared to 3,500, highlighting rapid growth in the profession.
WWII spurred further demand for medical laboratory technicians and advancements in laboratory practices.

Medical Technology in the Philippines

Training programs for laboratory technicians began in February 1944; by June 1945, clinical laboratories were established under the National Department of Health.
Dr. Pio de Roda, with Dr. Mariano Icasiano's assistance, reestablished preserved laboratory practices in October 1945.
Dr. Hedrick and associates initiated comprehensive laboratory courses, leading to the first Bachelor of Science degree in medical technology.
The late 1950s saw the introduction of medical technology education at prominent institutions, including the University of Santo Tomas.

Historical Milestones in Medical Technology

Key innovations include Louis Pasteur's rabies vaccine, Karl Landsteiner's ABO blood group system, and Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccination.
Advances in laboratory science were marked by the development of bacteriology and histology throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
The introduction of quality control in clinical labs via James Westgard's rules greatly enhanced reliability in laboratory results.

Roles and Responsibilities of Medical Technology Professionals

Medical technologists perform clinical laboratory tests, ranging from routine diagnostics to advanced techniques.
Precision and accuracy in results are paramount, directly influencing patient treatment.
Honesty and timely reporting of results are critical, particularly in emergency situations.
Professionalism is upheld through adherence to ethical standards and regulations such as R.A. 5527, the Philippine Medical Technology Act.
Confidentiality of patient information is a crucial responsibility, alongside collaborative work with other healthcare professionals to enhance patient care.

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Description

This quiz covers the historical development of the medical technology profession, highlighting key milestones from 460 BC to the establishment of clinical laboratories. Explore the contributions of notable figures such as Hippocrates and the impact of legislative acts like the Apothecaries Act of 1815. Test your knowledge of medical technology's evolution both globally and in the Philippines.