36 Questions
What is the definition of infection?
The invasion and multiplication of pathogens in an individual or population
What is the term for diseases that can be spread directly or indirectly from one animal to another?
Communicable diseases
What is the term for the ability of a pathogen to cause disease?
Pathogenicity
What is the importance of Koch's postulates?
To identify the pathogens causing diseases
What is One Health?
The interaction between humans, animals, and the environment
What is the term for the study of the cause of disease?
Etiology
Who is credited with discovering the bacteria responsible for anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera?
Robert Koch
What type of relationship exists between a microbe and its host when neither is harmed and one or both derive a benefit?
Commensal
What is the term for a microorganism that is capable of causing disease?
Pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that must produce disease to transmit and thereby survive evolutionarily?
Obligate pathogen
Who is credited with demonstrating that a silkworm disease was contagious and caused by a microscopic fungus?
Agostino Bassi
Which type of pathogen requires significant impairment of the host's immunity to cause disease?
Opportunistic pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that is transmitted to the host from an environmental source such as water or soil?
Environmental pathogen
What type of pathogen can infect and multiply in hosts, but is also capable of multiplying in the environment?
Facultative pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that is a colonizer or pathogen on animals and that can be transmitted to humans?
Zoonotic pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that is not a commensal, but can produce asymptomatic infections?
Obligate pathogen
How do commensal pathogens enter the host?
By skipping the invasion step
What is the essential trait for obligate pathogens?
Exiting the host to infect new hosts
Why may Koch's postulates not be fulfilled for some pathogens?
The pathogen cannot be isolated or grown in culture
What occurs during the incubation stage of an infectious disease?
The pathogen multiplies without clinical signs
Who first observed microorganisms?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What is the term for a microorganism that is invisible to the naked eye?
Microorganism
What type of microorganism is capable of causing disease?
Pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that is a normal inhabitant of the animal body?
Commensal
Who developed the pasteurization process and developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax?
Louis Pasteur
What is the size order of microorganisms, from smallest to largest?
Prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites
What is the primary characteristic of an opportunistic pathogen?
It requires significant impairment of the host's immunity to cause disease.
Which type of pathogen can cause disease in humans through direct contact with an animal or its products?
Zoonotic pathogen
What is the term for a microorganism that is commonly found within the indigenous microbiota and can cause disease in normal hosts with some regularity?
Commensal pathogen
What type of pathogen can cause disease through vectors such as ticks?
Zoonotic pathogen
What is the primary characteristic of an obligate pathogen?
It is not a commensal, but can produce asymptomatic infections.
What is necessary for a pathogen to establish a unique habitat within the host?
Both A and C
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Koch’s postulates?
Disease caused by viruses
What occurs during the prodromal stage of an infectious disease?
General and unspecific signs appear
What is the essential trait for obligate pathogens?
Ability to transmit to new hosts
What is the primary difference between infection and disease?
Infection is the invasion and multiplication of pathogens, while disease is a disorder of structure or function
Test your knowledge of infectious diseases, including susceptible hosts, immune responses, pathogens, and prevention methods. Learn about the factors that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases and how to prevent them.
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