Principles of Hematology: Medical Laboratory Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What is the study of hematology primarily concerned with?

  • The formation of blood cells
  • Chemical constituents of plasma or serum
  • The concentration, structure, and function of blood cells (correct)
  • Proteins involved in blood coagulation

    • What is the normal pH range of human arterial blood?

  • 7.35-7.45 (correct)
  • 7.45-7.55
  • 7.25-7.35
  • 7.15-7.25

    • Which component accounts for approximately 45% of the volume of blood?

  • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
  • Cellular components (correct)
  • White Blood Cells (Leucocytes)
  • Plasma

    • What is the approximate blood volume of the average adult?

    <p>5 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are dominant in the blood composition?

    <p>Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about body fluid compartments is true?

    <p>Plasma membrane separates interstitial fluid from plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of sodium (Na+) in the body?

    <p>Establishing resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of chloride (Cl-) in body fluids?

    <p>Helps regulate pH of body fluids when exchanged for H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of potassium (K+) in the body?

    <p>Establishing resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of magnesium (Mg2+) in body fluids?

    <p>Cofactor for certain enzymes and sodium-potassium pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of lymph in the body?

    <p>Removing waste products from tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body fluid is present between cells and constitutes approximately 80% of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most prevalent extracellular anion in body fluids?

    <p>Bicarbonate (HCO3–)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the total amount of fluid in the human body approximately 70% of body weight?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does interstitial fluid constitute approximately 80% of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the plasma membrane a barrier that separates interstitial fluid from surrounding interstitial fluid?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do organic substances in body fluids include glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inorganic substances in body fluids include sodium, potassium, and magnesium?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF) potassium (K+)?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is bicarbonate (HCO3–) the most prevalent extracellular anion in body fluids?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is magnesium (Mg2+) the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is lymph considered as one of the specialized fluids of the body?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is amniotic fluid an example of a specialized fluid of the body?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is pericardial fluid a type of specialized fluid of the body?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is sweat considered as one of the specialized fluids of the body?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hematology and Blood Composition

    • Hematology is the study of blood and blood-forming organs.
    • The normal pH range of human arterial blood is between 7.35 and 7.45.
    • Red blood cells account for approximately 45% of the volume of blood.
    • The approximate blood volume of the average adult is 5 liters.

    Body Fluid Compartments

    • The two main body fluid compartments are intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
    • The total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately 70% of body weight.
    • Extracellular fluid (ECF) constitutes approximately 20% of body weight.
    • Interstitial fluid constitutes approximately 80% of extracellular fluid (ECF).

    Electrolytes and Ions

    • Sodium (Na+) helps regulate the amount of water in the body.
    • Chloride (Cl-) helps maintain fluid balance and is an essential component of digestive fluids.
    • Potassium (K+) helps regulate heart function and blood pressure.
    • Magnesium (Mg2+) is important for muscle contraction and nerve function.
    • Bicarbonate (HCO3–) is the most prevalent extracellular anion in body fluids.
    • Potassium (K+) is not the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF).
    • Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid (ICF).

    Specialized Fluids

    • Lymph is a type of specialized fluid that helps defend the body against infection.
    • Amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, and sweat are examples of specialized fluids of the body.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the principles of hematology, focusing on the analysis of blood cells, bone marrow, plasma constituents, and blood coagulation proteins. It is designed by Dr. Salam Haji, PhD, to enhance understanding in the field of hematology.

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