PE4SCIENCE 1-2

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Questions and Answers

What does good health mean?

  • Having the latest gadgets
  • Having many friends
  • Being strong in both body and mind (correct)
  • Being wealthy and successful

What is a balanced diet?

  • A meal with mostly protective foods
  • A meal with all the correct food nutrients in the correct proportions. (correct)
  • A meal with only energy-giving foods
  • A meal with only body-building foods

Which of the following is NOT a main food group?

  • Body-building foods
  • Junk foods (correct)
  • Protective foods
  • Energy-giving foods

Which nutrient do energy-giving foods have?

<p>Carbohydrate and fat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient do body-building foods have?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do protective foods have?

<p>Vitamins and minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does eating a balanced diet help make?

<p>The body's immune system strong (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is rich in carbohydrates?

<p>Maize (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a source of fats?

<p>Peanuts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do fats help do?

<p>Keep the body warm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food is rich in protein?

<p>Fish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do body-building foods help do?

<p>Build the body and promote proper growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a protective food?

<p>Cabbage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the body need water?

<p>To help body systems work properly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do children need foods that are rich in?

<p>Protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should Children eat protective foods?

<p>To make their immune system strong (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents are involved in many activities like sports, farming and studying for long hours. Because of this, their diet should include plenty of...

<p>Energy-giving foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do the elderly need foods rich in vitamins?

<p>To protect them from illnesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do manual workers need a lot of?

<p>Energy-giving foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a balanced diet important for a sick person?

<p>It helps the body to fight diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Foods that build and protect the body help do what?

<p>Repair damaged parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physical exercise?

<p>Running (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What CAN'T lack of physical exercises cause?

<p>Having a strong body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does personal hygiene include?

<p>Cleaning the mouth, skin, hair, nails and clothes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should your mouth be cleaned?

<p>To remove food particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should you brush your teeth?

<p>At least twice a day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do people use for bathing?

<p>Clean water and soap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why wash your face with clean water and soap after waking up?

<p>To prevent eye diseases with rheum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can dirty environments attract?

<p>Insects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing in polluted air can cause which diseases?

<p>Respiratory diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should people do to stay healthy and strong?

<p>Keep their surroundings clean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are safety signs used for?

<p>To guide us in our environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color is the background of warning signs?

<p>Yellow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape do warning signs have?

<p>Triangular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are prohibition signs also known as?

<p>Regulatory signs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Regulatory signs show?

<p>Things that are not allowed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is a prohibition sign?

<p>Black picture on a white background with a red circular border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do emergency signs do?

<p>Give instructions on what to do in emergencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Emergency signs?

<p>White pictures on a green background or green pictures on a white background (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do mandatory signs do?

<p>These signs give directions on what you should do in a certain area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color are Mandatory signs' color?

<p>Blue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expiration date?

<p>The last day the product is safe to use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to know the ingredients of a product?

<p>To prevent health risks like allergies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Storage methods do?

<p>Storing products help keeps them healthy and prevent them from expiring quick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does following health principles help with?

<p>Staying healthy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following safety signs and health information in the environment is important for what?

<p>Staying healthy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food group primarily provides the body with energy?

<p>Energy-giving foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nutrient found in body-building foods?

<p>Protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of carbohydrates?

<p>Maize (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is rich in fats?

<p>Avocados (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of body-building foods?

<p>Building the body and promoting growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a good source of protein?

<p>Beans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of protective foods in the body?

<p>Protecting against diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do children need enough of in order to grow?

<p>Protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do elderly people need to consume foods rich in vitamins?

<p>To protect against illnesses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason manual workers need a lot of energy-giving foods?

<p>To perform heavy tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a balanced diet important for individuals who are sick?

<p>To help the body fight diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do foods that build and protect the body help do?

<p>Repair damaged parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are physical exercises important for?

<p>Keeping the body healthy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can failing to exercise cause?

<p>Poor health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for cleaning your mouth regularly?

<p>To remove food particles and prevent tooth decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are commonly used for bathing?

<p>Clean water and soap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should one bath regularly?

<p>To avoid diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you wash your face when you get up?

<p>To remove rheum and prevent eye diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be attracted by unclean environments?

<p>Insects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breathing polluted air can lead to

<p>Respiratory diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can people stay healthy and strong?

<p>Keeping the body strong through proper diet, cleanliness and exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do safety signs provide?

<p>Warnings or directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the background for warning signs?

<p>Yellow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of warning signs?

<p>Triangular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regulatory signs are also referred to as what?

<p>Prohibition signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is the background of a prohibition sign?

<p>White (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of emergency signs?

<p>To show safe places (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mandatory signs typically found?

<p>Chemical storage areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of knowing a product's expiration date?

<p>To know if the product is safe to use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to be aware of a product's ingredients?

<p>To prevent possible health risks such as allergies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the Storage methods?

<p>To avoid health-related risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient do foods like meat, eggs, and milk have?

<p>Protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nutrient do fruits and vegetables have?

<p>Vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between physical health and mental well-being?

<p>Good health encompasses both physical strength and mental well-being, requiring a balanced approach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow health principles?

<p>To stay healthy and strong in both body and mind. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a balanced diet?

<p>Having foods from all three main food groups in the correct proportions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats found in energy-giving foods?

<p>Help keep the body warm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do body-building foods support the body?

<p>By building the body and promoting proper growth and cell repair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to vegetables and fruits, what else does Protective foods contain?

<p>Vitamins and minerals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is not a main group in a balanced diet, but why is it important for the body?

<p>Water can work every body system and regulate body temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might an adolescent require increased energy-giving foods in their daily diet?

<p>To meet the demands of increased physical activities and growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do elderly individuals particularly need foods rich in vitamins and minerals?

<p>Support a weakened immune system and maintain bone strength. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary consideration is most crucial for manual workers compared to desk workers?

<p>Greater intake of energy-giving foods to fuel physical demands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a balanced diet a crucial part of recovery for someone who is ill?

<p>A balanced diet helps build the body and protect damaged cells and tissues for fast recovery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides keeping the body healthy, what else is a benefit of regular physical exercise?

<p>Strengthen body immunity to fight different diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elevated stress and depression may arise from a lack of physical exercises, what is another problem may arise?

<p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to brush your teeth twice a day?

<p>To reduce the amount of acid that damages teeth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cleaning your body help prevent illnesses?

<p>It removes dirt, sweat, and germs that can cause diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between the health of your nails and the risk of disease transmission?

<p>Long nails can increase the risk of causing bacterial infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from their appearance, what health consideration is at play when determining clothing hygiene?

<p>Clean clothers helps prevent body odor and skin problems like itching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do clean surroundings contribute to personal health?

<p>Decreases risk of contracting diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of safety signs in an environment?

<p>To provide guidance and instructions for safety. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the shape and color of a warning sign support safety?

<p>The shape and color help ensure people understand safety rules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the red circle that most prohibition signs have, what else do some have?

<p>A red diagonal line across the circle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do emergency signs play in accident prevention and response?

<p>Offer safe places nearby. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are mandatory signs typically distinguished from other safety signs?

<p>Blue and circular shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding a product's instructions for use essential for safety and health?

<p>To use it in the correct way. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow storage instructions?

<p>To keep products safe and healthy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best description of Personal hygiene?

<p>Personal hygiene helps prevent the sprad of germs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is bathing so important?

<p>Bathing removes viruses and bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hair hygiene is very important, what does that include?

<p>Braiding, shaving or combing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dirty enviroments can be dangerous to personal health, what all does it attract?

<p>Insects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is very important to know all the ingrediants of products, what could some cause?

<p>You can have allergies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should you clean your clothes regularly?

<p>To avoid skin problems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does regularly cutting your nails help with?

<p>Prevents infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Warning signs are often shown in what color?

<p>Yellow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emergency signs are shown in what color?

<p>Emergency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regulatory signs are also known as..?

<p>Prohibition signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A product will often have..?

<p>Expiration date (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Expriation date describe?

<p>When is it no longer safe to use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the comprehensive definition of good health?

<p>Being strong in both body and mind. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow safety signs and health information?

<p>To protect your health and the health of others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A meal containing all food nutrients in the correct proportions describes a...

<p>Balanced diet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of carbohydrates and fats for the body?

<p>Provide energy for the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vitamins and minerals play in the body?

<p>Protect the body from diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of making the body's immune system strong?

<p>To fight off the diseases more efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is fibre important even though it's not considered a food group in a balanced diet?

<p>Helps in digestion and removing waste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor children's intake or protective food (Vitmans and Minerals)

<p>Makes their immune system strong and protective. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents require more energy-giving foods because...

<p>They are involved in many activities and study for long hours. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason elderly individuals need foods rich in vitamins?

<p>To protect them from illnesses due to weaker immune systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do manual workers need a large amount of energy-giving foods?

<p>To have enough energy for heavy tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should sick people eat more foods that build and protect the body?

<p>To repair damaged parts and strengthen their muscles and bones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of regular physical exercises?

<p>Increased risk of chronic diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a lack of physical activity?

<p>Obesity and chronic diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does washing your face with clean water and soap after waking up contribute to personal hygiene?

<p>Removes rheum and prevent eye diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice would most effectively prevent the spread of germs from hands?

<p>Washing hands with soap and clean water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does cleaning your hair regularly provide in terms of personal hygiene?

<p>Preventing dandruff, pests, and scalp Infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping fingernails and toenails short and clean?

<p>To prevent the accumulation of dirt and germs that can cause diseases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problems can occur from wearing dirty clothes?

<p>Body odor and skin problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major way that dirty environments impact overall health?

<p>They attract disease-carrying insects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health risk is directly associated with breathing in polluted air?

<p>Respiratory diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conveyed through safety signs in a public compound

<p>Instructions to keep everyone safe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do warning signs usually have a yellow background and a triangular shape?

<p>To attract attention and indicate potential dangers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do prohibition signs indicate?

<p>Activities that are not permitted. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of emergency signs?

<p>Providing directions to safety equipment or safe zones during accidents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mandatory action signs??

<p>Actions that you are required to take. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a product's expiration date indicate?

<p>Date after which the product is not safe to use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to pay attention to the list of ingredients in a food product?

<p>To avoid potential health risks like allergies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to carefully observe the labels and product ingredients before consuming products

<p>To maintain safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand instructions for using a specific product?

<p>To use the product properly and stay healthy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the storage methods given in the product?

<p>Helps keep it safe and healthy to use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines personal hygiene?

<p>Maintaining cleanliness of the body and clothes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is bathing regularly important for personal hygiene?

<p>To prevent skin diseases and body odor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspects does maintaining hair hygiene involve?

<p>Regularly washing with clean water and soap, braiding, shaving or combing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following consequences can result from having long fingernails?

<p>Harboring dirt and germs that cause diseases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should you wash your clothes properly?

<p>To maintain hygiene for a healthy body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes 'regulatory signs' in public spaces?

<p>Things that are not authorized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before consuming certain products, what's the significance of paying proper focus on their given storage methods?

<p>To avoid potential harmful risks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to combine a balanced diet with regular physical activity and cleanliness?

<p>To ensure overall well-being and maintain a healthy body and mind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of a balanced diet?

<p>It provides all food nutrients in the correct proportions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered energy-giving foods?

<p>They supply the necessary fuel for daily activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of ensuring sufficient water intake, even though it's not a main food group, as part of a balanced diet?

<p>It is essential for nutrient absorption, waste removal, and regulating body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might an adolescent's nutritional needs differ from those of an elderly person?

<p>Adolescents need more energy-giving foods due to higher activity levels, while the elderly need more vitamins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a balanced diet aid a sick person's recovery?

<p>By assisting the body in fighting the illness, repairing damage, and replenishing vital nutrients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might someone adjust their diet to better support and enhance their physical activity regimen?

<p>Balance the energy-giving, body-building, and protective foods consumed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be the long-term implication of consistently neglecting physical exercise?

<p>It could lead to health problems, such as obesity, heart issues, and weakened immunity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between clean teeth and a healthy immune system?

<p>Cleaning teeth lessens the quantity of bacteria in the mouth, decreasing the possibility of infections spreading to other regions of the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does regular bathing contribute to overall health beyond just cleanliness?

<p>It aids in preventing skin ailments, removing odor, and maintaining self-esteem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant benefit of keeping nails trimmed and clean?

<p>It reduces the risk of infections and the spread of germs harbored under the nails. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between clothing hygiene and overall health?

<p>Dirty clothing can harbor germs, leading to skin problems and body odor, affecting health and social well-being. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is environmental hygiene directly associated with personal health?

<p>A polluted environment can cause breathing issues and infectious vectors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Safety signs have what role in constructing a safe and healthy environment?

<p>The signs offer important warnings, prohibitions, and guidelines to avert harm and guarantee safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of warning signs?

<p>A red circular border (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you interpret a prohibition sign featuring a red circle with a diagonal line through a black symbol on a white background?

<p>It indicates a restricted action or activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances are emergency signs most beneficial, and what are their distinguishing traits?

<p>Throughout emergencies, provide people with instructions, support in finding exits, and are symbolized by a green tone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mandatory signs are crucial in certain locations because...

<p>These indicators frequently imply particular activities or clothing should be worn. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of checking the expiration date on products?

<p>To ensure the product is safe and effective for use and avoid potential health risks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it so crucial to be aware of a product's components, especially in relation to potential health hazards?

<p>To figure out anything you 're sensitive to stop allergic reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes correct storage instructions important about keeping up the worthiness of commodities?

<p>Commodities can degrade faster if storing standards aren't met. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain cleanliness of the body and clothing?

<p>To prevent body odor and skin problems and maintain general well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might regular application of body oil after bathing promote skin health?

<p>Maintains moisture, softens the skin, and prevents discomfort. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors could render an environment unhygienic and potentially detrimental to health?

<p>Gathering of garbage that cause diseases carried by houseflies and mosquitos. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone were to inadvertently consume a product beyond its expiration date, what risks would they pose?

<p>Take safety-related health hazards because gone-by commodities are harmful. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should hair be washed often?

<p>Regular bathing helps prevent dandruff, infestations, and other contaminants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safety indicator is often seen on roads or in colleges to warn concerning risks and perils?

<p>Warning indicators report possible risks and may be seen in various sites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is most aligned with promoting personal hygiene after using shared equipment in a public space, such as a gym?

<p>A sanitizing routine is a great way of killing bacteria that individuals have created within the construction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it imply when a diet is described as 'balanced'?

<p>Ingesting the right degrees of all food categories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is water indispensable for physical wellness even whether it is not classified as a food category?

<p>It eases nutrient assimilation, assists controlling heat, and takes rid of wastes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When contemplating what food classes an adolescent must prioritize, what facets should be prioritized?

<p>Food needs to be plentiful, containing proteins, protecting, and vigor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For people confronting sickness, how does a balanced diet work in the restoration journey?

<p>It helps to take energy to fight the condition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does regular action assist sustain physical health.

<p>Maintains resistance, handles weight, and raises mood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does it matter to brush and floss teeth in conditions of preventing diseases?

<p>They lessen bacterias, for dental and general wellness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Taking bath performs what function for retaining personal hygiene.

<p>Decreases skin issues and gets rid of odors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The best way washing the hair often help keep up cleanliness and wellness?

<p>Helps retain the health of the hair. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does retaining surrounding cleanup add to someone wellness?

<p>Unkempt settings welcome conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do authorities use red circles with diagonals across some safety signs?

<p>To reveal action that would be restricted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from wellbeing, what another profit does checking ingredients on products provide

<p>Making people conscious of allergy action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proper storing direction for commodities supports:

<p>To assist keep effectiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good health means being strong in only the body.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A balanced diet contains food nutrients in correct proportions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy-giving foods are rich in proteins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Body-building foods help repair damaged body parts.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protective foods mainly consist of carbohydrates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is a main food group in a balanced diet.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children need foods rich in protein to support their growth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manual workers need a small amount of energy-giving foods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fats help keep the body cold.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brushing teeth once a day is enough to maintain oral hygiene.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a disease that is not caused by germs and can be passed down through families?

<p>Hereditary disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way that germs can enter the body?

<p>Breathing in contaminated air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases caused by pathogens that can spread from one person to another are called:

<p>Communicable diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen causes malaria?

<p>Parasite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disease is transmitted by a mosquito?

<p>Malaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insect transmits malaria to humans?

<p>Anopheles mosquito (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of malaria?

<p>Loss of appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action can help control the spread of malaria?

<p>Destroying mosquito breeding places (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sleeping under a treated mosquito net primarily protects against:

<p>Malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholera spread?

<p>Through contaminated food and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of cholera?

<p>Stool looks like rice water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Always using the toilet and using it properly can assist in:

<p>Prevention of cholera (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to prevent cholera after using the toilet and before eating?

<p>Wash your hands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disease caused by a virus that features itchy rashes which can turn into pus is called:

<p>Chickenpox (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main way to prevent chickenpox from spreading?

<p>Avoiding sharing clothes with an infected person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by bacteria and mainly affects the lungs?

<p>Tuberculosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tuberculosis spreads through

<p>Air when an infected person coughs or sneezes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of tuberculosis?

<p>Fevers and sweating at night (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a way to prevent tuberculosis?

<p>Vaccinating infants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV attacks which cells in the body?

<p>White blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one way HIV can spread:

<p>Sharing needles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV can be prevented by avoiding

<p>Sharing toothbrushes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases do not spread from one person to another?

<p>Non-communicable diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer involves:

<p>Disorganized cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a growth that is caused by cancer cells?

<p>Tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Too much exposure to what source can cause cancer?

<p>Strong radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to potentially prevent cancer?

<p>Eating healthy foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ does not produce enough insulin in those affected by Diabetes?

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical symptom of diabetes?

<p>Rapid weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Controlling body weight helps prevent which of the following non-communicable disease?

<p>Diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disease that affects the respiratory system:

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger an asthma attack?

<p>Allergies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sound from Shortness of breath with a wheezing or whistling describes which illnesses symptom?

<p>Asthma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of insects that spread diseases?

<p>Mosquitoes and Cockroaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the changes in shape and behavior that some insects go through as they grow?

<p>Metamorphosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metamorphosis has four stages?

<p>Complete metamorphosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?

<p>Egg, larva, pupa, adult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many stages are in incomplete metamorphosis?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of housefly development?

<p>Egg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of housefly development does not feed?

<p>Pupa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eggs of a housefly are mainly found:

<p>Dirty places where food is available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disease?

<p>An abnormal condition that disrupts the body's normal function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Germs that cause diseases can be found in which of the following?

<p>Air, soil, and unsafe food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can germs enter the body?

<p>By eating contaminated food or breathing contaminated air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases that cannot spread from one person to another are known as what?

<p>Non-communicable diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes communicable diseases?

<p>Pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malaria is caused by what type of pathogen?

<p>Parasites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is malaria transmitted to humans?

<p>By mosquito bites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of malaria?

<p>High fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can malaria be controlled in communities?

<p>By destroying mosquito breeding places (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sleeping under a treated mosquito net primarily prevents what?

<p>Malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you prevent the spread of cholera?

<p>Maintain cleanliness and eat safe food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes chickenpox?

<p>Virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chickenpox primarily spread from one person to another?

<p>Through skin contact with an infected person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of chickenpox?

<p>Itchy rashes that turn into blisters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can chickenpox be prevented?

<p>By avoiding contact with infected individuals and keeping the body clean (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects which part of the body?

<p>Lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does tuberculosis (TB) spread?

<p>Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of tuberculosis?

<p>Coughing for more than two weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to prevent tuberculosis?

<p>Vaccinating infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does HIV attack in the body?

<p>White blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can HIV spread from one person to another?

<p>Sharing needles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way a baby can get HIV?

<p>From the mother during childbirth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should people with HIV do?

<p>Eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are non-communicable diseases spread?

<p>They are not spread from person to person (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one cause of non-communicable diseases?

<p>Unhealthy Diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cells in the body when a person has cancer?

<p>Cells divide in a disorganized way (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to help prevent cancer?

<p>Drinking safe water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the body develops diabetes?

<p>Cannot control sugar levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is something that can help prevent developing diabetes?

<p>Controlling body weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does asthma affect?

<p>Respiratory System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers environmental asthma?

<p>Allergies towards smoke, dust, and perfume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In insects such as houseflies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches, spread diseases, what are these changes called as?

<p>Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct stage of life when houseflies and mosquitoes undergo metamorphosis?

<p>Egg, Larva, Pupa, and Adult (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stages of cockroack lifecycle?

<p>Egg, Nymph, and Adult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you reduce houesfly breading?

<p>Using Insecticides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases make people healthy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases can spread from person to person.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hereditary diseases are caused by germs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Germs can only enter the body through contaminated food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malaria is caused by bacteria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Anopheles mosquito only transmits malaria.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High fever is not a symptom of malaria.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mosquito larvae can breed in puddles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using mosquito coils will not prevent mosquito bites.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cholera is caused by parasites.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cholera spreads through contaminated food and water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Houseflies never spread cholera.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rice water stool is a symptom of cholera.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Washing hands after using the toilet prevents cholera.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chickenpox is not contagious.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chickenpox always leaves permanent scars.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tuberculosis only affects the lungs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tuberculosis is spread through the air.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vaccinating infants cannot prevent Tuberculosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV attacks white blood cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV is only transmitted through sexual contact.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a vaccine to prevent HIV infection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer spreads from one person to another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer cells divide in an organized way.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cancer can be cured regardless of how late it is.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes always begins in adulthood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequent urination is a symptom of diabetes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes cannot be prevented.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asthma affects the digestive system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asthma is always caused by genetics.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a cure for asthma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smoke can trigger asthma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insects never spread disease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metamorphosis is a change in shape and behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete metamorphosis has four and only four stages..

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete metamorphosis occurs in cockroaches.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Larvae turn into eggs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pupa is a feeding stage for houseflies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nymphs have wings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diseases exclusively affect the human population.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All diseases are caused by germs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communicable diseases can spread from one person to the other.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malaria is caused by a bacterium called Anopheles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spraying kerosene on puddles can help control malaria.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cholera is caused by a virus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rice water stool is a symptom of tuberculosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good hygiene practices are important in preventing chickenpox.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chickenpox is spread through physical contact and not airborne droplets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV strengthens the body's immune system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV can be transmitted through mosquito bites.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People living with HIV can't live long healthy lives.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-communicable diseases can be transmitted from person to person through pathogens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposure to strong radiation may act as a cause for cancer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes is the result of the pancreas generating too much insulin.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes can only be developed later in life due to unhealthy habits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Numbness in hands can act as a symptom of tuberculosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asthma is a disease that affects the digestive system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asthma has a cure.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using perfumes can trigger Asthma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insects can spread diseases.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metamorphosis is the process when insects change their shape and behaviour.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete metamorphosis has three stages of development: egg, nymph and adult.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cockroaches undergo complete metamorphosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incomplete metamorphosis is seen in insects such as houseflies and mosquitoes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The larva stage of a housefly feeds extensively before becoming a pupa.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pupa stage actively feeds before becoming a fully grown housefly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insecticides can be used as means of killing cockroaches.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hard casing is laid by nymphs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mosquitoes carry germs and can transmit diseases.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good hygiene practices decrease the risk of disease transmission.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-communicable diseases are primarily spread through airborne pathogens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eating a balanced diet has no impact on diabetes management.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genetic factors play no role in the development of asthma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tumors are a normal and healthy part of the body's cell growth process.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vaccines are exclusively for adults; children do not require them.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drinking safe beverages can act as a means of cancer control.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Balanced Diet

Eating a meal with all the food nutrients in the correct proportions.

Energy-Giving Foods

Foods that provide the body with energy, rich in carbohydrates and fats.

Body-Building Foods

Foods rich in protein that help build and repair the body's tissues.

Protective Foods

Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, strengthen the immune system.

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Importance of Water

Needed for bodily functions and regulates body temperature.

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Physical Exercises

Activities that keep the body healthy, like running, jumping, and playing sports.

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Personal Hygiene

Maintain cleanliness of the body to prevent diseases.

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Oral Hygiene

Cleaning teeth regularly using a toothbrush and toothpaste to prevent cavities.

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Environmental Hygiene

Maintaining cleanliness of the environment to prevent the spread of diseases.

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Warning Signs

Signs providing alerts about potential dangers, yellow with a black symbol.

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Prohibition Signs

Signs indicating actions that are not allowed. These signs show something that is not allowed.

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Show us what you should do in case of emergencies

Emergency

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Mandatory sign

Give directions on what to do in an area. They are blue and have a circular shape with a white picture.

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Expiration date

The last date a porduct is safe to use

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Product instructions

Tells you how you should safely use a product

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Good Health

Being strong in both body and mind.

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Health Principles

Principles for staying healthy.

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Dietary Needs

A balanced diet tailored to age and activity.

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Children's diet

Need protein-rich foods for growth and immunity.

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Adolescents' diet

Require foods for energy and body maintenance.

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Elderly diet

Require vitamins and minerals for protection.

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Manual workers diet

Need lots of food for physical work..

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Diet for Sick People

Need a balanced diet for better immunity.

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Bathing Benefits

Cleaning the skin.

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Hair hygiene

Washing with water and soap.

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Nail Hygiene

Keep them short and clean.

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Clothing Hygiene

Clean to remove dirt and germs.

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Safety Signs

Alerts about dangers.

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Product label

Ingredients and usage.

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Product storage

Keep products safe and effective.

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Emergency Signs

Signs that provide instructions during emergencies.

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Carbohydrate-rich foods

Maize, potatoes, rice and bread give energy to the body.

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Fat Rich Foods

Coconut, peanuts, sunflower seeds that give energy to the body.

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Personal Hygiene Tools

Items required to keep your body clean.

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Obesity

The state of being bigger than is healthy

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Nutrients

Those found in foods that help our bodies work properly

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Protein Rich Foods

Fish, meat, eggs, beans, and peas.

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Vitamins and minerals rich Foods

Vegetables like cabbage and fruits like mangoes.

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Purpose of Warning Signs

They give alerts about dangers that might happen.

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Emergency signs color and picture

rectangular with white pictures on a green background or green pictures on a white background.

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How to maintain personal hygiene

Clean the body and clothes using proper tools.

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Pupils cleaning environment

Shows the school is kept clean

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Ingredients of the product

Products contain various ingredients.

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Water's Role

Helps digestion and keeps the body cool.

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Brushing Teeth

Helps prevent tooth decay.

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Keep Environment Clean

Illnesses spread through dirty conditions.

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Ingredients

What a product contains within it.

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Balanced Diet examples

Using different products together during day and night

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Protective foods role

Support overall body health

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Emergency signs role

They show safe places nerby or directions to get to safety

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Role of Water in the body

Food is a main nutrient.

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Illness

Illness can decrease performance.

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Expiry Date

Can't use after this date; might be harmful.

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Benefits of exercising

The need to keep our bodies in shape.

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What is Disease?

Condition disrupting normal body functions, often caused by germs.

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Communicable Diseases

Illnesses spreading between individuals through pathogens.

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What is Malaria?

Malaria is a disease caused by parasites transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, leading to fever and weakness.

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Malaria Symptoms

Symptoms include fever, shivering, headache, weakness, vomiting, and appetite loss

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Malaria Prevention

Prevent malaria by eliminating breeding sites, using mosquito nets and repellents, and seeking prompt treatment.

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What is Cholera?

A bacterial infection spreading through contaminated food and water, leading to diarrhea.

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Cholera Symptoms

Includes diarrhea, rice-water stool, yellowish urine, and weakness.

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Chickenpox

A disease caused by a virus, spread through contact.

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Chickenpox Symptoms

Chickenpox symptoms include fever, headache, and itchy rashes.

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Tuberculosis Prevention

Vaccinating infants, ventilating rooms, and avoiding sharing utensils prevents this disease.

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What is Tuberculosis?

A disease caused by bacteria, mainly affecting the lungs.

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How is HIV Transmitted?

HIV is acquired through blood and bodily fluids, weakening the immune system.

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What is Cancer?

Caused by abnormal cell division that forms tumors.

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What is Diabetes?

Occurs when the body doesn't control blood sugar levels.

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What is Asthma?

A condition affecting the respiratory system and causing breathing difficulties.

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Complete Metamorphosis

Consists of egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages

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Incomplete Metamorphosis

Consists of egg, nymph, and adult stages, without a pupa stage.

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Communicable illnesses

These illnesses transmit between individuals via pathogens.

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Germ Hotspots

Identifying where germs are commonly found.

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Malarial cause

It's caused by parasites via mosquitoes, leading to fever and weakness.

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Malaria Signs

Symptoms include fever, shivering, headache, weakness, vomiting, and loss of appetite

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Malaria Management

Involves destroying breeding sites, using mosquito nets & immediately seeking treatment after showing symptoms

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Cause of Cholera

A bacterial infection spreading through contaminated water and food.

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Cholera Signs

Include diarrhea, stools like rice water, yellowish urine and weakness.

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Route of Chickenpox

Spread through contact with infected person

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Chickenpox Signs

Fever, headache and itchy skin rashes

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Tuberculosis Management

Vaccinating infants, ventilating rooms, avoiding sharing utensils.

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Targets of Tuberculosis Virus

Affects the lungs majorly

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Origin of HIV Transfers

Transmitted through bodily fluids, impacting immune response.

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The Reason for Cancer

Develops from cell's division and forming a tumor

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What Leads to Diabetes?

It arises when the body struggles to manage levels of blood sugar

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What causes Asthma?

Condition affecting the respiratory system, leading to difficulties in breathing.

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Complete Metamorphosis examples

Insects which reproduce through these stages include houseflies and mosquitoes.

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Examples for Non-complete Metamorphosis

Insects like cockroaches and lice.

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Mosquito Transmission

Mosquitoes transmit it by injecting parasites when biting.

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Practices to Mitigate HIV Transmission

Avoid sharing toothbrushes and needles

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Complete Metamorphosis cycle list

Consists of egg, larva, pupa and adult stage insects

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What are Diseases?

An unhealthy state caused by various factors.

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Non-Communicable Diseases

Illnesses not spreadable, often from genetics or lifestyle.

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What are Pathogens?

Microorganisms causing communicable diseases.

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How to Control Malaria

Destroy breeding sites and use nets.

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Source of Cholera?

Bacteria transmitted via contaminated food/water.

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Prevent Chickenpox

Vaccination, hygiene, and avoiding contact.

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HIV Prevention

Avoid sharing personal items.

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Preventing Cancer

Healthy habits and check-ups.

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Diabetes Prevention

Healthy lifestyle and weight control.

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Asthma Management

Avoid triggers and seek treatment.

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What is Metamorphosis?

Changes in shape and behavior.

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Stages of Incomplete Metamorphosis

Egg, nymph, and adult.

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Chickenpox Hygiene

Washing with antiseptic.

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TB Prevention - Ventilation

Keep rooms ventilated.

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Cancer Early Detection

Early check-ups improve cancer outcomes.

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Asthma: The Allergy Link

Causes airways to swell and produce mucus.

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Complete insect lifecycle

Egg, larva, pupa, adult

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Malaria Vector

The Anopheles mosquito.

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Concept of Disease

An abnormal condition disrupting normal bodily functions.

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Malaria Transmission

Transmitted by infected Anopheles mosquitoes, introducing parasites.

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Malaria control

Destroy breeding sites and mosquito net use.

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Tuberculosis targets

A disease affecting the lungs, spine, bones and kidneys.

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HIV Transmission

Spread via blood/bodily fluids, weakening immune system.

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Cause of Cancer

Develops due to abnormal cell division, tumor forming.

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Underlying Reason for Diabetes:

A body that cannot regulate blood sugar

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What triggers Asthma?

Lifestyle changes and asthma trigger avoidance minimize risk.

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Environmental Factors

Cleanliness matters everywhere

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Practices to stop HIV Transfer

Avoid needle-sharing and blood before transfusions

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Study Notes

  • Diseases make people unhealthy
  • Learn about human diseases, how they spread, their causes, and prevention
  • The life cycle of some insects that spread diseases will be covered
  • Competencies developed to protect oneself and others from diseases will be shared

Concept of diseases

  • Disease is an abnormal condition or disorder that disrupts normal body functioning in a living organism
  • Germs found in the surroundings cause many diseases
  • Germs are found in air, soil, water, unsafe food, and animal bodily fluids
  • Germs can enter the body through contaminated food, unsafe water, contaminated air, or touching an infected person
  • Some diseases are not caused by germs, such as hereditary diseases

Types of diseases

  • Diseases are grouped into communicable and non-communicable types

Communicable diseases

  • Communicable diseases spread from one person to another
  • Pathogens like bacteria and viruses cause these diseases
  • Examples include malaria, cholera, chickenpox, tuberculosis, hepatitis, and COVID-19

Malaria

  • Malaria is caused by parasites called plasmodium
  • A female Anopheles mosquito spreads the disease
  • Mosquitoes transmit malaria by injecting parasites when biting

Symptoms of malaria

  • Symptoms include:
    • High fever due to increased body temperature
    • Feeling cold and shivering
    • Headache
    • General body weakness
    • Vomiting
    • Loss of appetite

Control and prevention of malaria

  • Control malaria by destroying mosquito breeding places like bushes, long grass, and stagnant water
  • Tyres, coconut shells, and cans holding water can be breeding areas
  • Kerosene or larvicide can kill mosquito larvae in puddles
  • Destroy coconut shells and identified breeding areas
  • Prevent malaria by sleeping under treated mosquito nets
  • Use mosquito sprays, coils, and repellents
  • Put wire mesh on windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from entering the house
  • Those with malaria symptoms should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment

Cholera

  • Cholera is caused by bacteria
  • It spreads through eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water
  • Houseflies can spread cholera by carrying bacteria from faeces or vomit to food or water

Symptoms of cholera

  • Symptoms include:
    • Continuous diarrhoea and vomiting
    • Stool that looks like rice water
    • Yellowish urine
    • General body weakness and loss of strength

Prevention of cholera

  • Prevent cholera by living in a clean environment and prioritizing cleanliness
  • Eat clean and safe food, and drink clean and safe water
  • Always use the toilet properly
  • Wash your hands with clean running water and soap after using the toilet and before eating
  • A person with cholera should be taken to the hospital or a cholera treatment centre immediately

Chickenpox

  • Chickenpox is caused by a virus that spreads through skin contact or sharing clothes with an infected person

Symptoms of chickenpox

  • Symptoms incluse:
    • A rise in body temperature
    • Headache
    • Itchy rashes that turn into blisters with pus or fluid
    • It sometimes leaves permanent scars on the skin

Prevention of chickenpox

  • Prevent chickenpox by avoiding sharing clothes with infected individuals and keeping clean
  • A patient should use antiseptic when bathing or washing clothes to reduce infection risk

Tuberculosis

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria and primarily affects the lungs
  • TB can also affect other body parts, such as the spine, bones, and kidneys
  • It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes or spits

Symptoms of tuberculosis

  • Symptoms include:
    • Coughing for more than two weeks
    • Chest pain
    • Fevers and sweating at night
    • Rapid loss of weight
    • Coughing up blood
    • Loss of appetite

Prevention of tuberculosis

  • TB can be prevented by vaccinating infants
  • Other ways to prevent it include keeping rooms well-ventilated, practicing good hygiene and avoiding over-crowded places
  • Do not share utensils with an infected person
  • People with TB can be treated with medicine prescribed by a health care provider

HIV and AIDS

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • HIV attacks white blood cells that normally protect the body
  • HIV increases in numbers and attacks white blood cells and weakens the body's immunity resulting in likelihood of getting other diseases

Ways of HIV transmission

  • HIV is found in blood and other bodily fluids
  • HIV can spread in the following ways:
    • Sharing toothbrushes and sharp objects like needles, razors, pins, earrings and scissors
    • Receiving blood from an infected person during blood transfusion. Blood must be HIV-free before transfusing
    • From a mother to a child. A baby can contract it during childbirth or breastfeeding
    • Sexual intercourse with someone who is infected

Prevention of HIV and AIDS infections

  • HIV is dangerous and has no vaccine or cure
  • However, people living with HIV get antiretroviral drugs to fight the virus
  • HIV can be prevented by avoiding sharing toothbrushes and sharp objects like needles, scissors, nail cutters and syringes
  • Young people should avoid sexual acts to stay safe from HIV
  • A person with HIV should eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly

Non-communicable diseases

  • Non-communicable diseases do not spread from one person to another and are not caused by germs
  • These diseases can be inherited or caused by an unhealthy lifestyle
  • Examples include cancer, diabetes and asthma

Cancer

  • Cancer is a disease that affects the cells of the body. The cells divide and make new cells in a disorganized way
  • The new cells keep multiplying quickly and can form a tumor
  • Cancer can occur in any part of the body, like blood, intestines, brain and bones

Causes of Cancer

  • Cancer is caused by agents that harm cells of the body
  • These include exposure to strong radiation and chemicals
  • Chemicals can come from food, air, cosmetics and medicines

Prevention of cancer

  • Cancer can be prevented by eating health foods, drinking safe beverages and using medicines properly
  • Avoid alcohol and smoking
  • Getting regular check-ups can result in the early detection of cancer and lead to treatment

Diabetes

  • Diabetes occurs when the body cannot control blood sugar levels
  • It happens when the pancreas organ does not produce enough insulin
  • Insulin, a hormone needed to control blood sugar levels in the blood
  • A person can be born with diabetes

Symptoms of diabetes

  • Symptoms of diabetes include:
    • Frequent urination
    • Rapid weight loss
    • Feeling thirsty even after drinking water
    • Feeling tired all the time
    • Poor eyesight
    • Wounds that heal slowly
    • Numbness in hands or feet

Prevention of diabetes

  • Diabetes can be prevented by living a healthy lifestyle
  • This includes eating properly and controlling body weight
  • Regular exercise can also lower the risk of diabetes

Asthma

  • Asthma is a disease that affects the respiratory airway system
  • A person can inherit it from their parents or get it later as result of environmental factors such as smoke, dust, perfume, soap and pollen
  • Asthma can be triggered by allergies caused by such environmental factors The allergy causes the airways to swell and produce thick mucus
  • This swelling makes it hard to breathe and a person gets an asthma attack

Symptoms of asthma

  • Symptoms of asthma include:
    • Coughing, sneezing and a runny nose
    • Tightness and pain in the chest and ribs
    • Shortness of breath with a wheezing or whistling sound

Prevention of asthma

  • Asthma is a chronic condition with no cure. Asthma attacks can be prevented

  • Avoiding asthma triggers like pollen and perfumes

  • Getting treatment immediately after getting asthma symptoms

Life cycle of insects which spread diseases

  • Insects like houseflies, mosquitoes and cockroaches spread diseases
  • These insects have different growth stages through which they change their shape and behavior. These changes are called metamorphosis
  • There are two types of metamorphosis namely: complete and incomplete metamorphosis

Activity 1

  • Use the library and reliable online sources to search for information about various types of cancer
  • Identify the types of cancer that are common in Tanzania

Metamorphosis

  • The stages of insect development
  • Metamorphosis has four stages of development which are: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Examples of insects with complete metamorphosis include houseflies and mosquitoes. Incomplete metamorphosis has three development stages which are egg, nymph and adult
  • This type of metamorphosis occurs in insects like cockroaches and lice

Life cycle of housefly

  • The stages of housefly development are egg, larva, pupa, and adult fly
  • The female housefly lays eggs in areas with faeces, food waste, and dead and decayed organisms
  • Housefly eggs can hatch into larvae within 24 hours depending on environmental conditions
  • The larva can develop for about seven days before becoming a pupa
  • The pupa does not feed and may take about six days to become a fully grown housefly

Nymph

  • Small without wings
  • Soft, outer layer

Activity: Investigating the development stages of a housefly

  • Materials: A hand lens, a piece of raw meat, plastic wrap, pins, a plate
  • Procedure
    • Place the piece of meat on the plate.
    • Place the plate to an open space where houseflies can land on it.
    • Use a hand lens to look at the plate. Check neat for any living organism.
    • After 24 hours, observe how the eggs have changed into larvae.
    • Continue to observe regularly how larvae change into pupae

Regular cleaning and organising of clothes and other items can remove cockroach breeding and hiding places and insecticide can kill them

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