Principles of Drug Administration
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Questions and Answers

Which principle is crucial for ensuring safe drug administration?

  • Right side effects
  • Right assessment (correct)
  • Right documentation
  • Right time
  • What is a recommended action if a patient is prescribed a new medication?

  • Allow the patient to self-medicate without guidance
  • Provide written instructions on how to administer the medication (correct)
  • Educate the patient on dietary restrictions only
  • Instruct the patient to discontinue all previous medications
  • What should be done if a patient has difficulty swallowing enteric-coated tablets?

  • Administer the medication through an intravenous line
  • Encourage the patient to drink a large amount of water (correct)
  • Suggest the patient take the medication at bedtime instead
  • Crush the tablet to make it easier to swallow
  • What is the fastest route of drug administration?

    <p>Parenteral medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the rights in medication administration?

    <p>Right to advise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should otic medications be administered for adults?

    <p>Backwards and upwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a nurse take when uncertain about medication calculation?

    <p>Ask another nurse to double check</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration should be included in a patient's education about new medication?

    <p>Dietary considerations related to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does drug potency refer to?

    <p>The concentration required to elicit a specific physiological response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes a drug's therapeutic index?

    <p>It indicates how safe a drug is based on the relationship between its therapeutic and toxic doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'maximal efficacy' in pharmacodynamics?

    <p>The point at which increasing the drug dose does not increase effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter indicates the time from drug administration to the first observable effect?

    <p>Onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication requires careful monitoring due to a narrow therapeutic index?

    <p>Drugs with close therapeutic and toxic doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can slow down drug absorption?

    <p>Solid drug preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of food in the stomach affect drug absorption?

    <p>Can either increase or decrease absorption depending on the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering pharmacokinetics, what is the primary concern during the drug distribution phase?

    <p>How the drug is distributed throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of the first pass metabolism on oral medications?

    <p>It may decrease drug bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug characteristic often leads to better absorption in the stomach?

    <p>Acidic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half?

    <p>Drug half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to drug absorption in elderly patients due to changes in gastric conditions?

    <p>Decreased gastric acidity may slow absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors does NOT affect drug absorption?

    <p>Drug shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of pharmacokinetics does the kidney play a crucial role?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

    <p>Antihistamine for allergy symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'potentiation' in drug interactions?

    <p>The combined effect is greater than the sum of individual effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for the drug mentioned in the content?

    <p>1 hour and 45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Clark's Rule, what will be the calculated dose for a child weighing 7 kg if the adult dose is 80 mg?

    <p>8.2 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically causes an idiosyncratic reaction to a drug?

    <p>Genetic differences in patient metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Young's Rule, which variable is used to calculate the child's dose?

    <p>Child's age in years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additive effect in drug interactions?

    <p>The total effect equals the sum of the effects of each drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug toxicity affect the human body?

    <p>Causes harmful or deleterious effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'antagonistic' in drug interactions?

    <p>The combined effect is less than the sum of individual effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

    <p>Central and Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Time course of drug absorption and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the solid drugs being transformed into liquid form in the body?

    <p>Pharmaceutic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a drug's therapeutic effect?

    <p>The primary effect intended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug action decreases the rate of cell activity?

    <p>Depression effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a drug be considered to have adverse effects?

    <p>Severe side effects that require immediate attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are excipients used for in drug formulation?

    <p>Allowing the drug to dissolve properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does drug tolerance manifest in individuals?

    <p>Minimal physiologic response compared to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern when drug toxicity occurs?

    <p>It results from overdosing or accumulation in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes pharmacodynamics?

    <p>Study of drug's effects on the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a role of pharmacy in drug management?

    <p>Studying drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Principles of Drug Administration

    • Repeated drug administration can lead to decreased effectiveness; dose increases may be necessary.
    • Double-check drug calculations with another nurse if uncertain.
    • Only the nurse who prepares medication should administer it.
    • Always check medication labels and compare with written orders.
    • Verify the patient's identification using ID bands and charts.
    • Observe the "10 rights" of medication administration, a fundamental principle.
    • Right Medication: verify three times.
    • Right Dose: ensure accurate drug computation.
    • Right Time: administer at scheduled intervals.
    • Right Route: correct method of delivery.
    • Right Client: confirm the patient's name and compare with the ID band.
    • Right Client Education: inform patients about their medications, including purpose, possible side effects, and necessary monitoring.
    • Right Documentation: record medication administration accurately.
    • Right to Refuse: educate patients on the significance of their medication if they refuse.
    • Right Assessment: evaluate the patient before giving medication.
    • Right Evaluation: monitor patient outcomes after medication administration.

    Routes of Administration

    • Oral medications are convenient but not suitable for vomiting patients.
    • Avoid crushing medications that have sustained release, enteric coating, buccal or sublingual forms.
    • For patients with swallowing difficulties, advise taking with ample water.

    Pediatric Drug Calculations

    • Clark’s Rule applies: child’s dose calculation based on weight and adult dose.
    • Young’s Rule considers a child's age in relation to an adult dose.
    • Fried's Rule uses months of age for dose calculation.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmaceutics: initial phase of oral drug action where solid forms convert to liquid in the stomach.
    • Drug absorption is influenced by factors like preparation form, acidic environments, solubility, and food presence.
    • Drug distribution occurs once in the bloodstream, followed by metabolism primarily in the liver.
    • First Pass Metabolism can reduce the bioavailability of oral medications.
    • Drug excretion primarily takes place in the kidneys.

    Drug Action and Interactions

    • Primary effects: desired physiological responses; secondary effects can be either desirable or undesirable.
    • Possible drug interactions can have additive, synergistic, potentiating, or antagonistic effects.
    • Idiosyncratic reactions arise from genetic differences affecting drug response.
    • Drug toxicity refers to harmful effects due to overdose or accumulation in the bloodstream.

    Pharmacodynamics

    • Study of drug effects on the body.
    • Drug affinity: how well a drug binds to its receptor; drug efficacy: the ability to activate that receptor.
    • Agonists activate receptors; antagonists block receptor activation.
    • Maximal efficacy: point beyond which increasing dosage does not escalate therapeutic response.
    • Potency: amount of drug required to elicit a specific response; more potent drugs achieve effects at lower doses.
    • Therapeutic Index (TI): ratio of toxic dose to effective dose; a higher TI indicates a safer drug.

    Parameters of Drug Action

    • Onset: time from administration to first observable effect.
    • Peak: highest concentration of the drug's effectiveness in the blood.
    • Duration of Action: length of time the drug maintains therapeutic effects.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the essential principles of drug administration in nursing. This quiz covers important protocols such as the '10 rights' of medication administration and the significance of accurate calculations and verification processes. Perfect for nursing students and professionals seeking to reinforce their understanding of safe medication practices.

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