Principles of Data Ethics in the Digital World

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According to the passage, what are the two main aims of moral theories?

To explain what makes actions morally right or wrong, and to offer practical guidance in making morally correct decisions (correct)

To explain the three most influential moral theories in normative ethics, and to provide a framework for data and digital ethics

To analyze the potential harms and benefits of digital technologies, and to promote the remarkable benefits of these technologies

To prescribe the most ethical course of action in a particular context, and to formulate specific principles to guide ethics

Which of the following is not one of the three most influential moral theories in normative ethics mentioned in the passage?

Deontological Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Utilitarianism

Social Contract Theory (correct)

Why do the passage state that we need data and digital ethics?

Digital and online technologies pose risks of significant harms to privacy, security, autonomy, fairness, and transparency (correct)

Moral theories are difficult to deduce what they would prescribe in a particular context

Professional associations and private firms have formulated more specific principles to guide ethics in data and information technology

The passage does not state why we need data and digital ethics

What is the main purpose of professional associations and private firms formulating principles to guide ethics in data and information technology?

To prescribe the most ethical course of action in a particular context Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why moral theories are difficult to deduce what they would prescribe in a particular context?

Moral theories only provide guidance on what makes actions morally right or wrong, not how to make practical decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is cyberbullying?

The use of the internet or digital devices to inflict psychological harm on a person or group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of cyberbullying?

Posting embarrassing photos of someone with their permission Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of cyberbullying?

Suicidal thoughts and attempts Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a whistle-blower?

Someone who breaks ranks with an organization to disclose information about a harmful situation after authorized channels have been ignored or rebuffed Signup and view all the answers

When is whistle-blowing morally permissible, according to the text?

When the firm has done or will do serious and considerable harm to employees or the public Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of whistle-blowing, according to the text?

To hold people accountable for unethical or illegal acts when organizational leadership covers up corruption Signup and view all the answers

What should employees do if their immediate supervisor does nothing effective about their concern or complaint?

Exhaust the internal procedures and possibilities within the firm Signup and view all the answers

What are the two conditions that make whistle-blowing morally obligatory, according to the text?

The whistle-blower must have documented evidence and believe necessary changes will be brought about Signup and view all the answers

What should employees do if they identify a serious threat to the user of a product or to the general public?

Report the threat to their immediate superior and make their moral concern known Signup and view all the answers

What must the chances of being successful be in order for whistle-blowing to be morally obligatory?

The chances of being successful must be worth the risk one takes and the danger to which one is exposed Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, which of the following is a key reason why we need data and digital ethics?

To prevent significant harms to privacy, security, autonomy, and fairness Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main aims of moral theories according to the passage?

To explain what features of actions make them morally right or wrong, and to offer practical guidance in making morally correct decisions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of professional associations and private firms formulating principles to guide ethics in data and information technology according to the passage?

To provide more specific guidance than moral theories can offer in particular contexts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the three most influential moral theories in normative ethics mentioned in the passage is a form of consequentialist ethics?

Utilitarianism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why moral theories are difficult to deduce what they would prescribe in a particular context, according to the passage?

Moral theories are focused on establishing universal principles rather than addressing specific ethical dilemmas Signup and view all the answers

What must the whistle-blower have, or have accessible, in order to make whistle-blowing morally obligatory, according to the text?

Documented evidence convincing a reasonable, impartial observer Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for an employee to believe in order for going public with a moral concern to lead to necessary changes?

Good reasons to believe in the effectiveness of going public Signup and view all the answers

What makes whistle-blowing not only morally permissible but also morally obligatory, according to the text?

The chances of success being worth the risk taken Signup and view all the answers

When is it crucial for an employee to report a serious threat to their immediate supervisor, according to the text?

When there is evidence of danger to users or the public Signup and view all the answers

Why is having good reasons to believe in the effectiveness of going public important for an employee before whistle-blowing?

To believe necessary changes will occur as a result Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of cyberbullying?

Posting a photo of someone without their consent Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a potential effect of cyberbullying mentioned in the text?

Improved confidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of whistle-blowing, according to the text?

To report unethical or illegal acts within an organization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition that makes whistle-blowing morally permissible, according to the text?

The whistle-blower has personal grievances against the organization Signup and view all the answers

According to the definition in the text, what is a key characteristic of a whistle-blower?

They break ranks with an organization to make an unauthorized disclosure Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about cyberbullying is TRUE?

Cyberbullying can involve the use of digital devices like phones Signup and view all the answers