20 Questions
Define CNS neurotransmission and explain its importance in the body.
CNS neurotransmission refers to the process by which neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with each other through the release and reception of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. It is essential for the transmission of information and coordination of various physiological functions in the body.
How many neurons are estimated to be present in the nervous system?
There are approximately 100 billion (1011) neurons in the nervous system.
What is the role of glia in the nervous system?
Glia, also known as neuroglia, play a supporting function in the nervous system. They provide structural support, maintenance, and insulation to neurons.
What is a synapse and how do neurons communicate through it?
A synapse is a specialized site where neurons communicate with other cells using neurotransmitters. Neurons release neurotransmitters into the synapse, which then bind to receptors on the target cells and transmit the signal.
What are the four steps involved in neurotransmission?
The four steps of neurotransmission are: 1) Synthesis and storage of neurotransmitter in nerve terminals, 2) Release of neurotransmitter upon nerve stimulation, 3) Stimulation of target organs/cells by the neurotransmitter, and 4) Termination of the neurotransmitter's effect through active mechanisms.
Where is the synthesis of neurotransmitters usually carried out?
The synthesis of neurotransmitters typically occurs in the cytosol of nerve terminals.
What are the two main categories of neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitters are classified into two main categories: classical (small molecule) neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (non-classical neurotransmitters).
What distinguishes neuropeptides from classical neurotransmitters?
Neuropeptides are short peptides composed of 3-36 amino acids. They are neuroactive and have a longer duration of action compared to classical neurotransmitters.
Name one type of glial cell in the nervous system.
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are examples of glial cells in the nervous system.
What are the two proteins involved in the transport of classical neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles?
H+-ATPase and vesicular neurotransmitter transporter
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
To provide insulation along the axon and prevent loss of signal
What is the function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic nerve terminal?
To allow Ca2+ influx, which is necessary for neurotransmitter release
What are the two types of SNARE proteins involved in membrane fusion?
V-SNARES and T-SNARES
What is the role of synaptotagmin?
To sense Ca2+ and trigger neurotransmitter release
Name two diseases that affect the presynaptic terminal.
Myasthenic syndromes and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
What is the function of botulinum toxin?
To cause paralysis by inhibiting neurotransmitter release
What are the medical uses of Botox?
Crossed eyes, uncontrolled blinking, excessive sweating, glabellar frown lines, and chronic migraines
What are the two main types of neurotransmitter receptors?
Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors
What are the main mechanisms for termination of the neurotransmitter response?
Enzymatic degradation, uptake into neurons or surrounding astrocytes, and diffusion away from synaptic cleft
Test your knowledge on the principles of CNS neurotransmission with this quiz! Explore topics such as the nervous system, neurons, glia, and more. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about this fascinating subject.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
