12 Questions
Tomlinson proposes 16 principles for materials development which derive from ______ research and theory
SLA
Tomlinson describes a principled and flexible framework designed to help teachers to develop materials ______ and effectively
efficiently
Flores lists five assumptions and principles which were articulated after initial brainstorm sessions prior to the writing of a textbook in the ______
Philippines
Bell and Gower started by articulating principles such as Flexibility, From text to language, Engaging content, Natural language, Analytic approaches, Emphasis on review, Personalized practice, Integrated skills, Balance of approaches, Learning to learn, and Professional ______
respect
Penaflorida reports her use of the six principles of materials design identified by ______
Nunan
Materials should be authentic in terms of text and ______
task
Materials should allow learners to focus on ______ aspects of the language.
formal
Principles and Procedures of Materials Development Tomlinson argues that second language acquisition is facilitated by a rich and meaningful exposure to language in ______.
use
Tomlinson uses these principles to develop criteria for the development and evaluation of materials and then makes use of these criteria to evaluate six currently used global ______.
coursebooks
How can we develop language learning materials that adhere to the principles of ______?
SLA
A Text-Driven Approach to Materials Development follows the stages outlined below: 1.Text collection 2.Text selection 3.Text experience 4.Readiness activities 5.Experiential activities Actually appears in the material 6.Intake response ______.
activities
Text collection aims to achieve interaction between the text and the senses, feelings, views, and intuitions of the reader/listener to make the text ______.
meaningful
Study Notes
Principles and Procedures of Materials Development
- Most writers focus on needs analysis as the starting point for materials development.
- However, some writers start by articulating their principles, such as Tomlinson (1998c), who proposes 16 principles for materials development derived from SLA research and theory.
- Bell and Gower (2011) articulated 10 principles to guide their writing, including flexibility, engaging content, and personalized practice.
Principles of Materials Design
- Penaflorida (1995) reports using the six principles of materials design identified by Nunan (1988), including:
- Materials should be clearly linked to the curriculum they serve.
- Materials should be authentic in terms of text and task.
- Materials should stimulate interaction.
- Materials should allow learners to focus on formal aspects of the language.
- Materials should encourage learners to develop learning skills, and skills in learning.
- Materials should encourage learners to apply their developing skills to the world beyond the classroom.
Theoretical Principles
- Hall (in Hidalgo et al., 1995) argues that the following theoretical principles should underpin materials development:
- The need to communicate.
- The need for long-term goals.
- The need for authenticity.
- The need for student-centredness.
Principles of Second Language Acquisition
- Tomlinson (2013) argues that second language acquisition is facilitated by:
- A rich and meaningful exposure to language in use.
- Affective and cognitive engagement.
- Making use of mental resources typically used in communication in the L1.
- Noticing how the L2 is used.
- Being given opportunities for contextualized and purposeful communication in the L2.
- Being encouraged to interact.
- Being allowed to focus on meaning.
A Text-Driven Approach to Materials Development
- Tomlinson (2001) proposes a framework for materials development, including:
- Text collection.
- Text selection.
- Text experience.
- Readiness activities.
- Experiential activities.
- Intake response activities.
- Development activities.
- Input response activities.
- This approach involves collecting texts that achieve interaction between the text and the reader/listener, and selecting texts that can help readers/listeners achieve a personal multidimensional representation.
Explore the key principles and procedures involved in materials development, including needs analysis and articulating principles. Learn about Tomlinson's 16 principles for materials development based on SLA research and theory.
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