Principle No. 6: Markets Are Usually A Good Way To Organize Economic
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Questions and Answers

What is the most significant cost of going to college according to the text?

  • Opportunity cost (correct)
  • Room and board expenses
  • Transportation costs
  • Tuition fees

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem with calculating the cost of going to college?

  • Including unrelated expenses
  • Ignoring time as a cost
  • Considering only direct costs
  • Ignoring the monetary costs (correct)

What does the opportunity cost of an item represent?

  • The price paid for the item
  • What you give up to acquire the item (correct)
  • The value of the item obtained
  • The financial investment required for the item

Principle No. 3 mentioned in the text refers to which concept?

<p>Thinking at the margin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing decisions during exams, what are economists referring to when they mention 'marginal changes'?

<p>Incremental adjustments to existing plans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a key aspect of decision-making in the context of exams, according to the text?

<p>Optimizing the use of time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one goal of studying economics mentioned in the text?

<p>To determine when government policy is justifiable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily explains the differences in living standards among countries?

<p>Productivity levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Principle No. 8, what is a key determinant of a country's standard of living?

<p>The ability to produce goods and services efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the relationship between productivity and living standards?

<p>They are highly positively correlated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key consideration mentioned in the text when evaluating how a policy will affect living standards?

<p>How it influences productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Principle No. 9 suggests that prices rise when:

<p>The government prints too much money (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the circular-flow diagram illustrate?

<p>Economic transactions between households and businesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a more complex circular-flow model suggested?

<p>To better represent the interactions in the economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the production possibilities frontier graph show?

<p>The possible combinations of output an economy can produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an economy allocates all its resources to the sugar industry, what can it produce?

<p>3000 sugar and no pizza (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the two endpoints of the production possibilities frontier defined?

<p>By full resource allocation to a specific industry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the circular-flow diagram considered useful despite its simplicity?

<p>It shows how different parts of the economy fit together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of trade for countries and families?

<p>Allowing specialization and enjoyment of various goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a market economy, who makes the decisions that were traditionally made by central planners?

<p>Both firms and households (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'invisible hand' refer to in economics?

<p>Market forces that guide self-interested individuals to promote the social interest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do economists refer to as 'market failure'?

<p>When a market fails to allocate resources efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a market economy?

<p>Decisions are made by millions of firms and households based on self-interest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a government intervene in the economy according to the text?

<p>To promote efficiency and equity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'margin' mean in the context of the text?

<p>Edge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might one be tempted to conclude that the airline should never sell a ticket for less than $500?

<p>Because the average cost per seat is $500. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text suggest that the airline should sell a ticket to a standby passenger willing to pay $300 even though the average cost per seat is $500?

<p>Because the marginal cost of adding one more passenger is low. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Principle No. 4: People Respond To Incentives' suggest about how people make decisions?

<p>They make decisions by comparing costs and benefits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what happens when the price of apples rises?

<p>People buy fewer apples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people change their behavior according to 'Principle No. 4' in the text?

<p>Because they respond to incentives by comparing costs and benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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