Podcast
Questions and Answers
What significant tool was invented around 2900 B.C.?
What significant tool was invented around 2900 B.C.?
Which animal was domesticated around 6000 B.C.?
Which animal was domesticated around 6000 B.C.?
When did the domestication of sheep occur?
When did the domestication of sheep occur?
Which crop was cultivated around 4400 B.C.?
Which crop was cultivated around 4400 B.C.?
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What major advancement began around 2700 B.C. in agriculture?
What major advancement began around 2700 B.C. in agriculture?
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What significant event related to rural development occurred in 1932?
What significant event related to rural development occurred in 1932?
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Which committee was formed in 1944 focused on a specific crop?
Which committee was formed in 1944 focused on a specific crop?
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What was the major outcome of the Grow More Food campaign initiated in 1942?
What was the major outcome of the Grow More Food campaign initiated in 1942?
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Who reported on technological possibilities of agricultural development in India in 1944?
Who reported on technological possibilities of agricultural development in India in 1944?
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What was created in 1947 that specifically focused on agricultural policy?
What was created in 1947 that specifically focused on agricultural policy?
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Study Notes
Primate Evolution
- Earliest primates (prosimians) evolved in trees ~70 million years ago
- Monkeys and apes evolved ~40 million years ago
- Giant ape, Dryopithecus, existed in the Indian Siwaliks ~20 million years ago
- Ramapithecus, an early primate with human-like traits, lived in Africa and India ~15 million years ago
- Closest primate ancestor to humans emerged in Africa ~5 million years ago
- Oldest known tools were designed in Africa ~3 million years ago
Human Evolution
- Homo erectus, the first true human, emerged in Indonesia and Africa ~1.5 million years ago
- Homo erectus migrated throughout the Old World tropics ~1 million years ago
- Homo erectus populated temperate regions ~0.8 million years ago
- Homo erectus pekinensis learned to use and control fire ~0.5 million years ago
- Humans built shelters from tree branches ~0.4 million years ago
- Neanderthal man emerged in Europe ~90,000 years ago
- Cro-Magnon man ( Homo sapiens sapiens) emerged in Europe ~32,000 years ago
- Cave paintings in France and Spain ~22,000 years ago
Early Agriculture
- Pre-agricultural period: Hunting and gathering (earlier than 10,000 B.C.)
- Domestication of Sheep: ~8700 B.C.
- Domestication of Goats: ~7700 B.C.
- Cultivation of Crops (wheat and barley): ~7500 B.C.
- Domestication of Cattle and Pigs: ~6000 B.C.
- Cultivation of Maize: ~4400 B.C.
- Cultivation of Potatoes: ~3500 B.C.
- Wheel Invention: ~3400 B.C.
- Bronze Tools: ~3000 B.C.
- Plough Invention and Irrigation: ~2900 B.C.
- Silk Moth Domestication (China): ~2700 B.C.
- Cultivation of Chickpea, Pear, Mustard, and Cotton: ~2300 B.C.
- Domestication of Fowl, Buffalo, and Elephant: ~2200 B.C.
- Cultivation of Finger Millet (Ragi): ~1800 B.C.
- Taming of Horses: ~1700 B.C.
- Cultivation of Sugarcane and Well Irrigation: ~1500 B.C.
20th and 21st Century Agricultural Developments
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) established at Pusa, Bihar (~1905)
- IARI renamed to Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (~1911)
- IARI offered an Associate Diploma (~1923)
- Damaged by earthquake in (~1934)
- IARI moved to New Delhi (~1936)
- First Indian Director of IARI (~1936)
- Associate Diploma recognized as M.Sc. equivalent (~1946)
- IARI renamed to Indian Agricultural Research Institute (~1947)
- IARI recognized as a Deemed University (~1958)
- Grow More Food Campaign started (~1942), later in (~1947)
- Great Bengal Famine (~1943)
- Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) established (~Up to October 2010)
- National Horticulture Mission (NHM) launched (~May 2005)
- National Mission on Micro Irrigation (NMMI) launched (~2010)
- National Bamboo Mission (NBM) launched (~November 2004)
Indian Agriculture Highlights
- Geographical area of India: 328.74 mha
- Total reporting area: 306 mha
- Total degraded land: 187 mha
- Gross cropped area: 193 mha
- Gross irrigated area: 76 mha
- Net irrigated area: 57 mha
- Net cropped area: 141 mha
- Cropping intensity: 135%
- Forest area: 20.4% of total geographical area
Other Agricultural Information
- International Years: Notable years like International Year of Rice (2004), International Year of Water (2007), etc.
- Fertilizer Trade: Reliance on imports for phosphatic and potash
- Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA): District-level extension reforms
- Gender Inclusivity: Mandate for allocation of 30% resources to women
- Important Dates: Various world days and ICAR day
- Terra-forming: Developing other planets' environment
- Hydroponics: Growing plants without soil
- Response Curve: Relationship between plant density and yield
- Types of Response Curves: Asymptotic and parabolic
- Zero Tillage/Till Planting: Minimizing tillage operations
- Minimum Tillage: Reducing tillage to the necessary level
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Description
Explore the fascinating timeline of primate and human evolution, tracing back millions of years. This quiz delves into the origins of early primates, the emergence of Homo erectus, and significant milestones in human prehistory. Test your knowledge on our evolutionary journey and understand the key species that shaped our lineage.
