Primary Tuberculosis Complex Quiz

Diagnosis of Primary Tuberculosis Complex

• Chest radiograph (X-ray) or computed tomography (CT) scan to identify abnormalities in the lungs
• Tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) to diagnose latent TB infection
• Sputum smear or culture to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or rapid molecular diagnostic tests to detect genetic material of TB bacteria

Types of Disseminated Tuberculosis

• Miliary tuberculosis: widespread dissemination of TB bacteria through the bloodstream, affecting multiple organs
• Meningitis: infection of the lining surrounding the brain and spinal cord
• Pneumonic plague: infection of the lungs and airways
• Osteoarticular tuberculosis: infection of bones and joints
• Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: infection of the digestive system
• Genitourinary tuberculosis: infection of the kidneys, bladder, or reproductive organs

Clinical Signs of Subacute Disseminated Pulmonary Tuberculosis

• Chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum
• Fever, chills, and night sweats
• Weight loss and loss of appetite
• Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
• Fatigue and weakness
• Chest pain or tightness

Symptoms of Miliary Tuberculosis

• High fever, chills, and sweating
• Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting
• Headache, confusion, and stiff neck
• Seizures, loss of consciousness, or coma
• Skin lesions or rashes
• Enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, or liver
• Bone or joint pain

Favorable Course of Primary Tuberculosis Complex

• Formation of a granuloma, a cluster of immune cells that contain the infection
• Calcification of the primary lesion, leaving a hard, calcified scar
• Resolution of symptoms and radiographic abnormalities within 6-12 months
• Complete healing with minimal residual lung damage