52 Questions
What is the primary mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis?
IL-23 mediated activation of T-helper cell 17 pathway
What is the characteristic feature of inverse psoriasis?
Large, smooth, dry, deep red lesions in skin folds
What is the name of the type of psoriasis that develops suddenly after a streptococcal infection?
Guttate psoriasis
What is the term for the phenomenon where psoriatic lesions occur at the site of skin trauma?
Koebner phenomenon
What is the characteristic feature of stasis dermatitis?
Usually occurs in the lower extremities
What is the term for the type of psoriasis that is associated with plaque psoriasis?
Psoriatic arthritis
What is the primary function of the melanocytes in the epidermis?
To synthesize and secrete melanin for skin color and UV radiation protection
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for surface keratin formation and Odland body discharge?
Stratum Granulosum
What is the primary function of the sebaceous glands in the skin?
To produce sebum for oiling skin and hair
What type of cells are responsible for phagocytic activity in the dermis?
Macrophages
What is the name of the layer of the skin that connects the overlying dermis to the underlying muscle?
Hypodermis
What is the function of the papillary capillaries in the skin?
To provide a rich supply of blood to the skin
What type of sweat glands are primarily found in the palms, soles, and forehead?
Eccrine glands
What is the function of the Langerhans cells in the epidermis?
To initiate an immune response against environmental antigens
What is the name of the layer of the epidermis that is only seen in thicker skin on the palms and soles?
Stratum Lucidum
What is the function of the mast cells in the dermis?
To secrete histamine and participate in hypersensitivity reactions
What is the primary characteristic of a macule?
Flat, circumscribed area with a change in color of the skin
What is the main difference between a papule and a plaque?
Size, papules are less than 1 cm in diameter
What is the characteristic of a wheal?
Elevated, irregularly shaped area of cutaneous edema
What is the primary characteristic of a nodule?
Elevated, firm, and circumscribed lesion deeper in the dermis
What is the characteristic of a pustule?
Elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid
What is the primary characteristic of a cyst?
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion filled with liquid or semisolid material
What is the primary characteristic of a bulla?
Vesicle that measures greater than 1 cm in diameter
What is the primary characteristic of a telangiectasia?
Thin and irregular red lines produced from capillary dilation
What is the primary characteristic of allergic contact dermatitis?
T-cell mediated hypersensitivity to exogenous agent
What is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis?
Itching
What is the primary mechanism of injury in frostbite?
Indirect injury related to progressive microvascular thrombosis
What is the characteristic of 1st degree frostbite?
Superficial numb central white area surrounded by erythema and edema
What is the primary difference between 2nd and 3rd degree burns?
Depth of injury
What is the purpose of escharotomies in 3rd degree burns?
To relieve tension and promote circulation
What is the rule of 9s used for?
To estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns
What is the characteristic of 4th degree burns?
Extends past subcutaneous level to muscle and bone
What is the most common bacterial skin infection in children?
Impetigo
Which type of virus is responsible for causing chicken pox and shingles?
Varicella-zoster
What is the characteristic symptom of Herpes Simplex Virus 1?
Clusters of inflamed and painful vesicles
Which fungal infection is commonly known as 'Ringworm'?
Tinea Corporis
What is the incubation period of Varicella-zoster virus?
14 days
Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with lesions on the face, nose, and mouth?
Impetigo
What is the characteristic symptom of Rubella?
Faint, pink to red confluent maculopapular rash
Which viral infection is responsible for causing 'sixth disease'?
HHV-6
What is the characteristic symptom of Tinea Pedis?
Slight scaling, macerated and painful skin
Which bacterial infection is caused by Staph aureus?
Folliculitis
What is the most common cause of lip cancer?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is the characteristic appearance of Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Pearly and ivory with depressed centers and rolled borders
What is the primary risk factor for Cutaneous Melanoma?
All of the above
What is the characteristic of Superficial Spreading Melanoma?
Radial lateral growth evolves to invasion
What is the diagnostic rule for Cutaneous Melanoma?
ABCDE rule
What is the associated virus with Kaposi Sarcoma?
Human herpesvirus type 8
What is the characteristic of Kaposi Sarcoma lesions?
Red, purple or brown macules that develop into plaques
What is the course of Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Begins as nodule and grows upwards and laterally
What is the hallmark of Basal Cell Carcinoma?
All of the above
What is the type of Cutaneous Melanoma that is frequently found in the elderly?
Lentigo Malignant Melanoma
Test your knowledge of primary skin lesions, including macules, plaques, and papules. Learn about their characteristics, such as size, texture, and color changes. Identify examples of each type of lesion and improve your understanding of skin dysfunctions.
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