skin system

What is the primary mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis?

TNF-alpha mediated activation of T-helper cell 4 pathway
IL-5 mediated activation of T-helper cell 2 pathway
IL-12 mediated activation of T-helper cell 1 pathway
IL-23 mediated activation of T-helper cell 17 pathway (correct)

What is the characteristic feature of inverse psoriasis?

Well-demarcated and thick, silver, scaly, erythematous plaques
Small papules that appear suddenly on trunk or extremities
Widespread, red scaling lesions that cover a large body surface area
Large, smooth, dry, deep red lesions in skin folds (correct)

What is the name of the type of psoriasis that develops suddenly after a streptococcal infection?

Pustular psoriasis
Plaque psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis (correct)
Erythrodermic psoriasis

What is the term for the phenomenon where psoriatic lesions occur at the site of skin trauma?

Koebner phenomenon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of stasis dermatitis?

Usually occurs in the lower extremities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of psoriasis that is associated with plaque psoriasis?

Psoriatic arthritis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the melanocytes in the epidermis?

To synthesize and secrete melanin for skin color and UV radiation protection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for surface keratin formation and Odland body discharge?

Stratum Granulosum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sebaceous glands in the skin?

To produce sebum for oiling skin and hair (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for phagocytic activity in the dermis?

Macrophages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer of the skin that connects the overlying dermis to the underlying muscle?

Hypodermis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the papillary capillaries in the skin?

To provide a rich supply of blood to the skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of sweat glands are primarily found in the palms, soles, and forehead?

Eccrine glands (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Langerhans cells in the epidermis?

To initiate an immune response against environmental antigens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer of the epidermis that is only seen in thicker skin on the palms and soles?

Stratum Lucidum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mast cells in the dermis?

To secrete histamine and participate in hypersensitivity reactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a macule?

Flat, circumscribed area with a change in color of the skin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a papule and a plaque?

Size, papules are less than 1 cm in diameter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a wheal?

Elevated, irregularly shaped area of cutaneous edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a nodule?

Elevated, firm, and circumscribed lesion deeper in the dermis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a pustule?

Elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a cyst?

Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion filled with liquid or semisolid material (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a bulla?

Vesicle that measures greater than 1 cm in diameter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a telangiectasia?

Thin and irregular red lines produced from capillary dilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of allergic contact dermatitis?

T-cell mediated hypersensitivity to exogenous agent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis?

Itching (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of injury in frostbite?

Indirect injury related to progressive microvascular thrombosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of 1st degree frostbite?

Superficial numb central white area surrounded by erythema and edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between 2nd and 3rd degree burns?

Depth of injury (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of escharotomies in 3rd degree burns?

To relieve tension and promote circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule of 9s used for?

To estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of 4th degree burns?

Extends past subcutaneous level to muscle and bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bacterial skin infection in children?

Impetigo (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus is responsible for causing chicken pox and shingles?

Varicella-zoster (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of Herpes Simplex Virus 1?

Clusters of inflamed and painful vesicles (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal infection is commonly known as 'Ringworm'?

Tinea Corporis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period of Varicella-zoster virus?

14 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is commonly associated with lesions on the face, nose, and mouth?

Impetigo (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of Rubella?

Faint, pink to red confluent maculopapular rash (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which viral infection is responsible for causing 'sixth disease'?

HHV-6 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of Tinea Pedis?

Slight scaling, macerated and painful skin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is caused by Staph aureus?

Folliculitis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of lip cancer?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Pearly and ivory with depressed centers and rolled borders (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for Cutaneous Melanoma?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Superficial Spreading Melanoma?

Radial lateral growth evolves to invasion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic rule for Cutaneous Melanoma?

ABCDE rule (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the associated virus with Kaposi Sarcoma?

Human herpesvirus type 8 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Kaposi Sarcoma lesions?

Red, purple or brown macules that develop into plaques (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Begins as nodule and grows upwards and laterally (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of Basal Cell Carcinoma?