Dermatology Quiz on Skin Lesions and Carcinoma

Caused by chronic, intermittent UV exposure.
Appears as a pearly papule or nodule, often located above the upper lip near the nose.
Carries a 0.05% risk of metastasizing, but can grow rapidly.
Proliferation of basophilic cells from the basal epidermis infiltrates the dermis.
Cells resemble those of the stratum basale found in normal skin.
Management: Options include curettage, electrodissection, excision, and imiquimod cream.

Risk factors include blistering sunburns in childhood, excessive sun exposure, and having a family history of melanoma.
Individuals with light hair and pale eyes are at higher risk.
Characterized by new or changing moles, especially dysplastic nevi that meet A-E criteria.
Malignant melanocytes proliferate laterally along dermal-epidermal junctions initially, without metastasis.
Vertical growth phase: Malignant cells invade deeper into the dermis, indicating metastasis risk.
Prognostic Factor: Depth of melanoma is the single most significant factor.
Management: Complete excision of the primary lesion; sentinel lymph node biopsy may be indicated for thick or ulcerated melanomas.
Immunotherapy: Considered an adjuvant systemic therapy.
Evidence indicates UV exposure increases melanoma risk; however, there is no evidence that sunscreen prevents it.
Recommended precautions include protective clothing, shade, and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM - 4 PM).

Chickenpox: Characteristic lesions resemble "dew drops on a rose petal," may lead to complications like VZV pneumonia.
Candidiasis:
- Normal skin flora becomes pathogenic when overgrown.
- Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and occupations with high skin moisture (e.g., bartenders).
- Intertriginous Candidiasis: Erythema and pustules in body folds.
- Thrush: Appears as creamy white papules and plaques on the oral mucosa.
- Only 20 of 160 Candida species infect humans; Candida Albicans is the most common.
- Correct identification of Candida species is essential for treatment.
- Triggers: Antibiotics, corticosteroids, poorly fitted dentures, poor hygiene, and excessive alcohol can lead to yeast infections.
- Treatment: Topical azoles, nystatin powder or cream; for oral infections, use nystatin mouth rinse or clotrimazole lozenges.
- Candida Auris: An emerging, serious threat in healthcare settings; poses risk mainly to immunocompromised individuals, not healthy individuals.

Caused by chronic, intermittent UV exposure.
Appears as a pearly papule or nodule, often located above the upper lip near the nose.
Carries a 0.05% risk of metastasizing, but can grow rapidly.
Proliferation of basophilic cells from the basal epidermis infiltrates the dermis.
Cells resemble those of the stratum basale found in normal skin.
Management: Options include curettage, electrodissection, excision, and imiquimod cream.

Risk factors include blistering sunburns in childhood, excessive sun exposure, and having a family history of melanoma.
Individuals with light hair and pale eyes are at higher risk.
Characterized by new or changing moles, especially dysplastic nevi that meet A-E criteria.
Malignant melanocytes proliferate laterally along dermal-epidermal junctions initially, without metastasis.
Vertical growth phase: Malignant cells invade deeper into the dermis, indicating metastasis risk.
Prognostic Factor: Depth of melanoma is the single most significant factor.
Management: Complete excision of the primary lesion; sentinel lymph node biopsy may be indicated for thick or ulcerated melanomas.
Immunotherapy: Considered an adjuvant systemic therapy.
Evidence indicates UV exposure increases melanoma risk; however, there is no evidence that sunscreen prevents it.
Recommended precautions include protective clothing, shade, and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM - 4 PM).

Chickenpox: Characteristic lesions resemble "dew drops on a rose petal," may lead to complications like VZV pneumonia.
Candidiasis:
- Normal skin flora becomes pathogenic when overgrown.
- Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, and occupations with high skin moisture (e.g., bartenders).
- Intertriginous Candidiasis: Erythema and pustules in body folds.
- Thrush: Appears as creamy white papules and plaques on the oral mucosa.
- Only 20 of 160 Candida species infect humans; Candida Albicans is the most common.
- Correct identification of Candida species is essential for treatment.
- Triggers: Antibiotics, corticosteroids, poorly fitted dentures, poor hygiene, and excessive alcohol can lead to yeast infections.
- Treatment: Topical azoles, nystatin powder or cream; for oral infections, use nystatin mouth rinse or clotrimazole lozenges.
- Candida Auris: An emerging, serious threat in healthcare settings; poses risk mainly to immunocompromised individuals, not healthy individuals.