Primary Health Care Lecture 2

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant concern regarding health services in developing countries during the 60s and 70s?

Health services ignored the role of hospitals.

Health services focused heavily on preventive measures.

Health services mirrored those of industrialized nations. (correct)

Health services lacked technological advancement.

What was the primary focus of Western medicine during the time period discussed?

Community-based health initiatives.

Equitable access to health services.

Curative aspects of healthcare only. (correct)

Holistic approaches to health and wellness.

What year did the director general of WHO call for a new strategy for health care?

1980

1977 (correct)

1975

1983

What aspect of healthcare was largely neglected in the strategies employed by industrialized nations that were exported to developing countries?

Preventive measures against diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Primary Health Care concept established by WHO?

A comprehensive health strategy responsive to the specific needs of developing countries. Signup and view all the answers

What major milestone in public health did the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978 represent?

The first international commitment to primary health care Signup and view all the answers

Which year was set as the target for achieving 'Health for All' according to the Alma Ata Declaration?

2000 Signup and view all the answers

What does primary health care aim to provide according to the WHO/UNICEF definition?

Essential health care accessible at a cost the community can afford Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion regarding the goal of 'Health for All' by the year 2000?

It was not achieved, but remains a guiding goal. Signup and view all the answers

Which government played a significant role in adopting the primary health care approach in the Philippines?

Government of the Philippines under Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes the spirit of primary health care as outlined in the Alma Ata Declaration?

Self-reliance and self-determination Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of primary health care following the Alma Ata Conference?

It is equally valid for all countries yet varies in form. Signup and view all the answers

How many countries ratified the WHO Declaration of Alma Ata?

134 Signup and view all the answers

Which herb is commonly used for both cough and dysentery?

Lagundi Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of phytomedicine in traditional healthcare?

Herbal medicine Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal preparation method involves boiling the plant material?

Decoction Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is Yerba Buena NOT commonly used to treat?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the approach to healthcare in the Philippines?

Integration of traditional practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is related to the use of alcohol in herbal preparations?

Tincture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT belong to the common modalities of traditional healthcare?

Radiation therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is NOT associated with Bawang?

Skin diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the success of any undertaking aimed at serving the people?

People's participation in decision-making Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the importance of communities meeting their own essential needs sustainably?

Self-reliance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of partnership in the principles of primary health care?

To ensure multifaceted collaboration between community and health agencies Signup and view all the answers

How is development viewed within the principles of primary health care?

As a quest for improved quality of life with various dimensions Signup and view all the answers

Which component enhances people’s participation and governance according to the principles of primary health care?

Social mobilization Signup and view all the answers

What does decentralization refer to in the context of health care principles?

Transfer of power and resources to local governments Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of recognizing the interrelationship between health and development?

To ensure health receives priority in development plans Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component crucial for successful health care partnerships?

Community disengagement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Primary Health Care (PHC) conceptual framework?

To achieve health for all Filipinos by the year 2020 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the essential health services of Primary Health Care?

International Health Services Signup and view all the answers

What are the four cornerstones of Primary Health Care?

Active community participation, Intra and inter-sectoral linkages, Use of appropriate technology, Support mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect characterizes the approach of Primary Health Care?

Partnership and empowerment of the people Signup and view all the answers

How does the rationale for adopting PHC relate to the health care system?

It focuses on the isolation of health care activities from other development activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of community participation in the Primary Health Care model?

It brings the government closer to the people. Signup and view all the answers

Which element is included in the Essential Health Services of PHC?

Dental Health Signup and view all the answers

What does the PHC framework suggest about the distribution of health resources?

It should address inadequate and unequal distribution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Brief History of Primary Health Care (PHC)

Emerged in the late 1960s to address health service inadequacies in developing countries.
Western medicine focused primarily on curative aspects and hospital care, neglecting disease prevention.
In 1977, WHO's director general advocated for a new health strategy targeting developing nations' needs.

Alma Ata Convention

The International Conference on Primary Health Care took place in September 1978 in Alma Ata, USSR.
Attended by WHO member nations and UNICEF, resulting in the ratification of the WHO Declaration of Alma Ata by 134 governments.

Alma Ata Declaration

Significant milestone emphasizing primary health care's importance and governmental responsibilities for public health.
Encouraged nations to strive for “Health for All by 2020,” highlighting that good health enables social and economic productivity.
Although the 2000 goal wasn't achieved, the declaration remains a framework for future international health care initiatives.

Primary Health Care Definition

Defined as essential health care, accessible to communities, based on scientifically sound methods and community participation.
Aimed at equity and sustainability, encouraging self-reliance and self-determination among individuals and families.

Primary Health Care in the Philippines

Legal basis established through Letter of Instruction 949 signed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1979.
Focuses on health development at the community level as part of the Health Reform Framework from 2005-2022.

Rationale for Adopting PHC

Address health problems severity and unequal resource distribution.
Respond to high medical care costs and the isolation of health from other development initiatives.

Essential Health Services (ELEMENTS DAM)

Education, Local Disease Treatment, Expanded Immunization Program, Maternal and Child Health.
Provision of Essential Drugs, Nutrition, Disease Control, Safe Water and Sanitation, Dental Health, Accessible Health Care, Mental Health.

Pillars of Primary Health Care

Active community participation, intra- and inter-sectoral linkages, appropriate technology usage.
Availability of support mechanisms essential for sustained health care efforts.

Principles of PHC

Self-reliance emphasizes communities' capacity to meet essential needs sustainably.
Partnership is vital for providing quality health care through collaboration between communities and health agencies.
Recognition of the link between health and overall development fulfills basic needs and improves quality of life.
Social mobilization enhances participation, governance, and support from various societal sectors.
Decentralization (RA 7160) empowers local governments to address specific health-related local issues.

Herbal Medicine Overview

Common herbs include Lagundi (asthma, cough), Ulasimang Bato (lowers cholesterol), Bawang (toothache, wound washing), Bayabas (rheumatism), and Yerba Buena (pain relief).
Herbal preparation methods include decoction (boiling), infusion (soaking in hot water), tincture (alcohol extraction), and poultice (direct application).

Common Modalities of Traditional Healthcare

Include acupressure, acupuncture, aromatherapy, massage, nutritional therapy, chiropractic, pranic healing, and reflexology.

Summary of Primary Health Care

PHC is a holistic approach aimed at achieving health for all and is characterized by the integration of various strategies, goals, and community participation (5 A's).

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of Primary Health Care (PHC) through a comprehensive overview of its history, principles, and the distinction between PHC and primary care. Learn about the essential roles that nurses play within the PHC framework, underscoring the importance of health services in developing countries.