Primary Health Care and Vaccination Strategies

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Questions and Answers

How does WHO define health?

Being free from mental disorders

Absence of any disease

Primarily physical fitness and mental clarity

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)

What is one of the primary goals of public health according to Dr. C.E. Winslow?

To promote health and prevent disease (correct)

To empower medical professionals over the public

To provide healthcare solely for individuals

To treat diseases as they occur

Which statement best characterizes community health nursing?

An episodic approach to patient care

Limited to healthcare policy advocacy

Focusing solely on individual client health

A comprehensive and continual practice (correct)

In community health, who does the nurse recognize as having primacy?

The population as a whole Signup and view all the answers

What does community health refer to?

The health status of a defined group or community Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of healthcare does community health nursing emphasize?

Client and nurse collaboration as equals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of community health nursing?

Episodic treatment for specific diseases Signup and view all the answers

What role does education play in community health according to the principles outlined?

It addresses personal hygiene and disease prevention Signup and view all the answers

What are toxoid vaccines unable to do?

Cause the disease they prevent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about toxoid vaccines is true?

They often require an adjuvant to enhance immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of toxoid vaccines?

They can revert to a toxic form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for vaccinating children as soon as they are 9 months old?

To ensure early immunity Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition should vaccination be skipped?

If hospitalization is necessary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxoid vaccines is specifically mentioned in the content?

Tetanus Toxoid Signup and view all the answers

How should EPI vaccines be administered to children?

Can be safely given on the same day at different sites Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement for improving the immune response to toxoid vaccines?

Utilizing an adjuvant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for focusing on families in community health nursing?

Families are fundamental to society. Signup and view all the answers

Which approach in family health nursing emphasizes individual health within a family context?

Family as Context Signup and view all the answers

How do health issues affect families in community health nursing?

They can affect multiple family members. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the influence of families on community health initiatives?

Families play a crucial role in community health efforts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'membership management' refer to in the context of family responsibilities?

Managing the entry and exit of family members. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'family as a system' in family health nursing?

Emphasizes the interactions among family members. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of family involvement is highlighted in the family-centered nursing approach?

Keeping family members engaged in tasks. Signup and view all the answers

In which living arrangement do families reside near the bride's parents?

Matrilocal Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary focuses of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

Ensuring health services are available to everyone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a major outcome of the International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978?

The signing of the Declaration on Primary Health Care Signup and view all the answers

What does community participation in Primary Health Care involve?

Active involvement of the community in health processes Signup and view all the answers

Affordability in Primary Health Care refers to which of the following?

Services being sustainable and cost-effective for the community Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant concern raised during the Alma-Ata conference?

Disparities in health between different countries and regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of the Philippine Health Agenda 2010-2022?

To enhance the health sector reform agenda Signup and view all the answers

How does Primary Health Care aim to make health care acceptable and effective?

By ensuring services are tailored for every stage of development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles is NOT emphasized by Primary Health Care?

Exclusive focus on high-tech medical interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of polysaccharide vaccines?

They are made from a sugar capsule of bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of subunit vaccines?

They contain only specific parts of the pathogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of conjugate subunit vaccines?

They lead to a stronger and longer-lasting immune response. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the immune response to vaccines is accurate?

Live vaccines generally produce a stronger immune response than inactivated vaccines. Signup and view all the answers

Why are polysaccharide vaccines considered safer than live attenuated vaccines?

They do not contain live components. Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of the immune response generated by some vaccines?

The immune response may not last long and requires multiple doses. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following relates to the stability of vaccines?

Polysaccharide vaccines have an excellent stability profile. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components are commonly used as protein carriers in conjugate subunit vaccines?

Diphtheria toxoid and Tetanus toxoid. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Primary Health Care (PHC)

Essential healthcare universally available to individuals and families within a community.
Emphasizes accessibility, community participation, and affordability.
Aims to ensure acceptable and effective healthcare at all stages of development, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Philippine Health Agenda 2010-2022

The Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA) is the primary goal of the Department of Health (DOH).

Vaccines

Hepatitis B Vaccines: Made from the surface protein of the Hepatitis B virus.
- Immune response is generally weaker compared to live vaccines.
Polysaccharide Vaccines: Target bacteria with a sugar capsule, which helps them evade the immune system, especially in infants and young children.
- Examples: Meningococcal Vaccine (protects against Neisseria meningitidis), Pneumococcal Vaccine (protects against pneumococcal disease).
Conjugate Subunit Vaccines: Target molecules in a pathogen’s capsule.
- Link the polysaccharide to a carrier protein, leading to a stronger and longer-lasting immune response, even in infants.
- Protein carriers used: Diphtheria toxoid, Tetanus toxoid, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
- Examples: Pneumococcal vaccines (PCV-7, PCV-10, PCV-13).
Toxoid Vaccines: Made from toxins produced by bacteria, such as those causing tetanus and diphtheria.
- Toxins can lead to disease symptoms.
- Toxoid vaccines are safe because they cannot cause the disease and cannot revert to a harmful form.
- Examples: Tetanus Toxoid (TT), Diphtheria Toxoid.

General Principles for Screening Children for Vaccination

All EPI vaccines can be safely given on the same day at different sites.
The measles vaccine should be given as soon as the child is 9 months old, even if other vaccines are given that day.
Do not restart the vaccination schedule, even if there are long gaps between doses.
Conditions like moderate fever, mild infections, and diarrhea are not reasons to skip vaccination. Only skip if the child needs hospitalization, and the hospital will decide on vaccination timing.
Vaccination should be avoided in these cases:
- DPT2 or DPT3 if the child had convulsions.
- In cases of severe illness, hospitalization is required.

Community Health Nursing (CHN)

Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort.
Focuses on sanitation of the environment, control of communicable diseases, education of individuals in personal hygiene, organizing medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease.
Aims to ensure everyone a standards of living adequate for the maintenance of health, enabling every citizen to realize his/her birthright of health and longevity.

Statements that characterize CHN

Promotion of health and prevention of disease are the goals of professional practice.
Community health nursing practice is comprehensive, general, continual, and not episodic.
There are different levels of clientele: individuals, families, and population groups. The practitioner recognizes the primacy of the population as a whole.
The nurse and the client have a greater control in making decisions related to health care and they collaborate as equals.
The nurse recognizes the impact of different factors on health and has a greater awareness of his/her clients’ lives and situations.

Family-Centered Nursing Approach

The family is the central unit of care in community health nursing, aimed at improving community health.
Reasons to focus on families:
- Basic Unit: Families are fundamental to society.
- Health Management: Families identify and address health issues.
- Interconnected Health: Health problems affect multiple family members.
- Decision-Making: Families make key health-related choices.
- Community Involvement: Families play a crucial role in community health efforts.
- Environmental Impact: Families shape their health environment.
- Social Interaction: Families engage with the wider community, affecting health initiatives.

Four Approaches in Family Health Nursing:

Family as Context: Focuses on an individual’s health within their family environment.
Family as Client: The family is the main focus, with individual members seen as part of the whole.
Family as a System: Views the family as an interconnected unit, emphasizing interactions among members. Nursing interventions target both individuals and the family together.
Family as a Component of Society: Recognizes the family as one of many institutions in society, integral to the social structure.

Family Structure

Refers to the characteristics (age, sex, number) of family members.
Based on Place of Residence:
- Patrilocal: Residing near the groom's parents.
- Matrilocal: Near the bride's parents.
- Bilocal: Option to live with either set of parents.
- Neolocal: Independent residence.
- Avunculocal: Near the groom's maternal uncle.

Family Dynamics

Time Management: Scheduling responsibilities.
Order Maintenance: Keeping harmony within the family and with others.
Internal Harmony: Addressing emotional needs and communication.
External Relations: Connecting with other groups and structures.
Morale and Motivation: Keeping family members engaged in tasks.
Membership Management: Organizing the entry and exit of family members.
Environmental Impact: Families shape their health environment.
Social Interaction: Families engage with the wider community, affecting health initiatives.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of Primary Health Care (PHC) and recent health agendas in the Philippines, including immunization strategies with various types of vaccines. It emphasizes the importance of accessibility and community participation in healthcare. Learn about the different vaccines and their effectiveness in protecting public health.