Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the correct notation for the right upper central incisor in the primary dentition?
What is the correct notation for the right upper central incisor in the primary dentition?
- E (correct)
- H
- J
- F
Which surface of the tooth is visible when you smile?
Which surface of the tooth is visible when you smile?
- Distal
- Mesial
- Occlusal
- Facial (correct)
What is the name of the cusp that is closest to the midline of the mouth?
What is the name of the cusp that is closest to the midline of the mouth?
- Mesial cusp (correct)
- Lingual cusp
- Distal cusp
- Buccal cusp
Which primary tooth erupts last?
Which primary tooth erupts last?
Which of the following surfaces is NOT found on a primary molar tooth?
Which of the following surfaces is NOT found on a primary molar tooth?
When does the initial calcification of an upper central incisor occur?
When does the initial calcification of an upper central incisor occur?
What is the difference in shape between the labial crown of the permanent central incisor and the primary central incisor?
What is the difference in shape between the labial crown of the permanent central incisor and the primary central incisor?
What is the difference in shape between the palatal crown of the primary central incisor and the permanent central incisor?
What is the difference in shape between the palatal crown of the primary central incisor and the permanent central incisor?
What is the shape of the root of the upper central incisor in both primary and permanent teeth?
What is the shape of the root of the upper central incisor in both primary and permanent teeth?
What is the difference between the mesial incisal angle of the primary central incisor and the upper lateral incisor?
What is the difference between the mesial incisal angle of the primary central incisor and the upper lateral incisor?
What is the difference in root structure between the primary and permanent lateral incisors?
What is the difference in root structure between the primary and permanent lateral incisors?
What is the difference in the palatal view of the primary central incisor and the primary lateral incisor?
What is the difference in the palatal view of the primary central incisor and the primary lateral incisor?
How does the primary central incisor differ from the permanent central incisor in terms of incisal edges?
How does the primary central incisor differ from the permanent central incisor in terms of incisal edges?
What is the significance of the fact that the root of the primary central incisor inclines labially?
What is the significance of the fact that the root of the primary central incisor inclines labially?
What is the age range for the eruption of the upper canine?
What is the age range for the eruption of the upper canine?
What characteristic of the upper canine's crown is notable when viewed labially?
What characteristic of the upper canine's crown is notable when viewed labially?
At what age does root completion of the upper canine typically occur?
At what age does root completion of the upper canine typically occur?
How many roots does the upper canine have?
How many roots does the upper canine have?
Which characteristic is NOT true about the upper first molar?
Which characteristic is NOT true about the upper first molar?
What is the primary function of the pronounced cingulum on the upper canine?
What is the primary function of the pronounced cingulum on the upper canine?
Which of the following statements about the upper first molar is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the upper first molar is accurate?
Which surface of the upper canine tends to be more rounded?
Which surface of the upper canine tends to be more rounded?
Which cusp is the smallest on the upper second molar?
Which cusp is the smallest on the upper second molar?
What is the chronological age for the eruption of the upper second molar?
What is the chronological age for the eruption of the upper second molar?
How many root canals does the upper second molar possess?
How many root canals does the upper second molar possess?
Which structure is referred to as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl?
Which structure is referred to as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl?
During which period does the crown completion of the upper second molar occur?
During which period does the crown completion of the upper second molar occur?
Which two roots are found in the upper second molar?
Which two roots are found in the upper second molar?
What type of cusp is commonly observed on the upper second molar that is not present on all upper molars?
What type of cusp is commonly observed on the upper second molar that is not present on all upper molars?
What is the primary dentition notation for the upper first molar?
What is the primary dentition notation for the upper first molar?
At what age does the initial calcification of the lower central incisor occur?
At what age does the initial calcification of the lower central incisor occur?
Which cusp is associated with the protuberance of enamel known as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl?
Which cusp is associated with the protuberance of enamel known as the tubercle of Zuckerkandl?
What is the chronological age of initial calcification for the lower first molar?
What is the chronological age of initial calcification for the lower first molar?
Which characteristic is true for the lower lateral incisor when viewed labially?
Which characteristic is true for the lower lateral incisor when viewed labially?
How many pulp horns are present in a lower first molar?
How many pulp horns are present in a lower first molar?
What is the shape of the root of the lower canine?
What is the shape of the root of the lower canine?
What feature is NOT present on the lower canine?
What feature is NOT present on the lower canine?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of the roots of the lower second molar?
Which of the following describes the arrangement of the roots of the lower second molar?
What distinguishes the buccal cusps of the lower first molar from those of the lower second molar?
What distinguishes the buccal cusps of the lower first molar from those of the lower second molar?
When does the eruption of the lower first molar typically occur?
When does the eruption of the lower first molar typically occur?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship of the buccal and lingual cusps in the lower second molar?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship of the buccal and lingual cusps in the lower second molar?
Which of these features is associated with the crown of the lower first molar?
Which of these features is associated with the crown of the lower first molar?
How is the cervical region of the lower lateral incisor described?
How is the cervical region of the lower lateral incisor described?
What is the primary difference in the cusps between the lower first molar and lower second molar?
What is the primary difference in the cusps between the lower first molar and lower second molar?
Which cusp is larger in the lower first molar?
Which cusp is larger in the lower first molar?
What is the typical shape of the incisal angles of the lower central incisor?
What is the typical shape of the incisal angles of the lower central incisor?
What is true regarding the root of the lower first molar?
What is true regarding the root of the lower first molar?
During which stage does the crown of the lower canine reach completion?
During which stage does the crown of the lower canine reach completion?
Flashcards
Primary Dentition
Primary Dentition
The first set of teeth in humans, consisting of 20 teeth.
Tooth Landmarks
Tooth Landmarks
Specific identifiable features on a tooth used for description.
Tooth Surfaces
Tooth Surfaces
The different sides of a tooth including buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal.
Notation of Primary Dentition
Notation of Primary Dentition
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CroChronology of Eruption
CroChronology of Eruption
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Initial Calcification of Upper Central Incisors
Initial Calcification of Upper Central Incisors
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Crown Completion of Upper Central Incisors
Crown Completion of Upper Central Incisors
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Eruption of Upper Central Incisors
Eruption of Upper Central Incisors
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Root Completion of Upper Central Incisors
Root Completion of Upper Central Incisors
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Labial View of Upper Central Incisors
Labial View of Upper Central Incisors
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Palatal View of Upper Central Incisors
Palatal View of Upper Central Incisors
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Mesial View of Upper Central Incisors
Mesial View of Upper Central Incisors
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Calcification of Upper Lateral Incisors
Calcification of Upper Lateral Incisors
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Eruption of Upper Lateral Incisors
Eruption of Upper Lateral Incisors
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Labial and Palatal View Differences
Labial and Palatal View Differences
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Upper Canine Chronology
Upper Canine Chronology
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Upper Canine Calcification
Upper Canine Calcification
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Upper Canine Eruption
Upper Canine Eruption
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Upper First Molar Chronology
Upper First Molar Chronology
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Upper First Molar Eruption
Upper First Molar Eruption
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Upper First Molar Structure
Upper First Molar Structure
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Upper Canine Crown Features
Upper Canine Crown Features
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Upper Canine Root Structure
Upper Canine Root Structure
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Lower First Molar Cusp Types
Lower First Molar Cusp Types
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Bucco-Lingual Crest
Bucco-Lingual Crest
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Lower First Molar Fossa
Lower First Molar Fossa
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Roots of Lower First Molar
Roots of Lower First Molar
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Pulp Horns of Lower First Molar
Pulp Horns of Lower First Molar
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Eruption Timeline of Lower First Molar
Eruption Timeline of Lower First Molar
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Lower Second Molar Cusp Structure
Lower Second Molar Cusp Structure
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Pulp Horns of Lower Second Molar
Pulp Horns of Lower Second Molar
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Lower Central Incisor Chronology
Lower Central Incisor Chronology
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Lower Central Incisor Shape
Lower Central Incisor Shape
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Lower Lateral Incisor Chronology
Lower Lateral Incisor Chronology
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Lower Lateral Incisor Shape
Lower Lateral Incisor Shape
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Lower Canine Chronology
Lower Canine Chronology
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Lower Canine Characteristics
Lower Canine Characteristics
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Lower First Molar Chronology
Lower First Molar Chronology
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Lower First Molar Features
Lower First Molar Features
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Root Structure in Lower Canine
Root Structure in Lower Canine
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Crown Completion Timing
Crown Completion Timing
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Tubercle of Zuckerkandl
Tubercle of Zuckerkandl
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Upper First Molar Canals
Upper First Molar Canals
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Eruption of Upper Second Molar
Eruption of Upper Second Molar
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Cusps of Upper Second Molar
Cusps of Upper Second Molar
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Root Structure of Upper Second Molar
Root Structure of Upper Second Molar
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Palatal Cusp Sizes
Palatal Cusp Sizes
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Calculation of Upper Second Molar
Calculation of Upper Second Molar
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Pulp Horns Count
Pulp Horns Count
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Study Notes
Tooth Morphology - Primary Dentition (Part 2)
- Students should revise the terminology used to name tooth landmarks.
- They should record the notation and chronology of primary dentition
- Students must identify the locations/anatomy of various tooth surfaces.
- Discuss and reflect on how this knowledge can be applied in a clinical setting.
- Primary and permanent teeth variations need explaining.
- GDC learning outcomes for 2013 and 2023 include describing appropriate dental, oral, craniofacial and general anatomy and its use in patient management. Identifying relevant anatomy, recognizing diversity in patient populations and explaining its relevance to patient management are skills needed.
Upper Central Incisors (51;61)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 3-4 months in utero
- Crown completion: 4 months
- Eruption: 7.5 months
- Root completion: 1½ years
- Labial view:
- Crown shape is similar to permanent central incisor but square, not rectangular
- Crown length is shorter and more bulbous
- Mesial incisal angle is sharp
- Distal incisal angle is rounded
- Palatal view:
- Crown is concave
- Pronounced mesial and distal marginal ridges present
- Large cingulum
- Mesial view:
- Crown appears bulky cervically, mesially or distally
- Cervical undulation present
- Single root, one half of which inclines labially, to allow room for permanent incisor eruption
- One root canal, two pulp horns, mesially and distally
Upper Lateral Incisors (52;62)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 4½ months in utero
- Crown completion: 5 months
- Eruption: 8-9 months
- Root completion: 1½-2 years
- Labial view:
- Labially, the crown is less square than the central incisor
- Mesial incisal angle is sharp
- Distal incisal angle is rounded
- Palatal view:
- Crown is concave.
- Well-defined marginal ridges present
- Definite cingulum, but less pronounced than central incisor
- Mesial view:
- Crown appears bulky
- Cervical undulation
- Single root, one root canal, two pulp horns (mesially and distally)
Upper Canine (53;63)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 5 months in utero
- Crown completion: 9 months
- Eruption: 16-20 months
- Root completion: approximately 3 years
- Labial view:
- Crown is almost symmetrical
- Enamel ridge runs from crown tip to cervical margin
- Mesial and distal depressions (fossae) are present on either side of the ridge
- Distal surface is slightly more rounded
- Palatal view:
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Pronounced cingulum
- Enamel ridge runs from cusp tip to cingulum, creating mesial and distal fossae
- Mesial view:
- Crown is bulky in mesial or distal aspect
- Cervical undulation is present
- Single root, one root canal, no pulp horns
Upper First Molar (54;64)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 5 months in utero
- Crown completion: 12-16 months
- Eruption: 12-16 months
- Root completion: 2-2½ years
- Buccal view:
- Two cusps (large mesiobuccal and small distobuccal)
- Two buccal roots (mesiobuccal and distobuccal)
- Has a central developmental groove
- Palatal view:
- Two palatal cusps (large mesiopalatal and small distopalatal)
- Single palatal root
- Mesial/Distal view:
- Large bulge of enamel cervically over the mesiobuccal root (tubercle of Zuckerkandl)
- 3 root canals and 4 pulp horns
Upper Second Molar (55;65)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 6 months in utero
- Crown completion: 10-12 months
- Eruption: 1½-2½ years
- Root completion: 3 years
- Buccal view:
- 4 cusps, similar to maxillary perm first molar
- Mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal and distopalatal
- May have a Carabelli cusp
- 2 buccal roots (mesiobuccal and distobuccal)
- Palatal:
- Single palatal root
- Oblique ridge between distobuccal and mesiopalatal cusps
- Mesiopalatal cusp is largest, distopalatal cusp is smallest
- Distopalatal groove is present
- Mesial/Distal view:
- Three root canals and four pulp horns
Lower Central Incisor (71;81)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 4½ months in utero
- Crown completion: 4 months
- Eruption: 6½ months
- Root completion: 1½-2 years
- Labial view:
- Crown is almost symmetrical
- Sharp mesial incisal angle
- Rounded distal incisal angle
- Single root, one canal
- Mesial and distal pulp horns present
- Lingual view:
- Large cingulum present
- Quite reduced mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Cervical undulation
Lower Lateral Incisor (72;82)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 4½ months in utero
- Crown completion: 4½ months
- Eruption: 7 months
- Root completion: 1½-2 years
- Labial view:
- Crown is fan-shaped, with long mesial side and shorter distal side
- Mesio-incisal angle is sharp
- Disto-incisal angle is rounded
- Lingual view:
- Large cingulum present
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges
- One root, similar to deciduous central incisor
- One root canal and one mesial and one distal pulp horn.
- Mesial view:
- Crown appears wedge-shaped and bulbous in the cervical region
- Cervical region is undulated
Lower Canine (73;83)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 5 months in utero
- Crown completion: 9 months
- Eruption: 16-20 months
- Root completion: 2½-3 years
- Labial view:
- Crown is convex labially
- Mesial is shorter than distal incisal slope
- Single root, roughly triangular in cross-section
- Root curves distally and labially
- One root canal, no pulp horns
- Lingual view:
- Crown is concave lingually
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Poorly defined ridge of ename from cusp tip to cingulum, creating mesial and distal fossae
- Distal surface is more rounded
- distal view:
- Cervical undulation present on mesial and distal region
- Root curves labially
Lower First Molar (74;84)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 5 months in utero
- Crown completion: 6 months
- Eruption: 12-16 months
- Root completion: 2-2½ years
- Labial view:
- Two cusps (mesiobuccal and distobuccal)
- Mesiobuccal cusp has a tubercle of Zuckerkandl
- Lingual view:
- Two cusps (large mesiolingual and small distolingual)
- Buccallingual crest with mesial and distal fossae.
- Overall:
- Two divergent roots (mesial and distal), flattened mesiodistally
- Two root canals and three pulp horns.
Lower Second Molar (75)
- Chronology:
- Initial calcification: 6 months in utero
- Crown completion: 10-12 months
- Eruption: 1½ - 2½ years
- Root completion: 3 years
- Buccal view:
- Three cusps : Mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and distal
- Palatal view:
- Two large lingual cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual)
- Buccal/Palatal/Mesial/Distal:
- Roots are flattened mesiodistally
- Two root canals and four pulp horns.
- Viewed mesially or distally, buccal cusps lean lingually.
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