clinmed2test3: CNS Neoplasms ppt
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of brain tumor patients present with seizures?

  • 20%
  • 35% (correct)
  • 40%
  • 50%
  • What is the primary treatment modality for brain tumors?

  • Radiation therapy
  • Surgery (correct)
  • Chemotherapy
  • CT scan
  • What is the typical timing of headaches in brain tumor patients?

  • Worst in the morning (correct)
  • Constant throughout the day
  • Worst at night
  • Worst during exercise
  • Which type of radiation therapy is also known as 'Gamma-knife'?

    <p>Stereotactic radiosurgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sequela of left hemispheric tumors?

    <p>Language dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common primary brain tumor?

    <p>Meningioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant primary brain tumor?

    <p>Glioblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common brain tumor overall?

    <p>Metastatic cancer from another source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the occupation that is associated with an increased risk of developing primary CNS tumors?

    <p>White collar professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of radiation that is associated with an increased risk of developing primary CNS tumors?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic predisposition that is associated with an increased risk of developing primary CNS tumors?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cancer that is most likely to metastasize to the brain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of meningioma?

    <p>Slow-growing tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of acoustic neuroma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of glioblastoma?

    <p>Heterogeneous cellular origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Primary CNS Tumors

    • Primary CNS tumors originate in the brain or spinal cord, whereas secondary CNS tumors metastasize from cancers in other organs.
    • Most common primary brain tumor is meningioma, while most common malignant primary brain tumor is glioblastoma.
    • Most common brain tumor overall is metastatic cancer from another source.

    Risk Factors

    • Occupation: white collar professionals, healthcare, and lab research.
    • Exposure to ionizing radiation, therapeutic radiation therapy, and history of head trauma.
    • Environmental exposure to N-nitroso compounds, genetic predisposition (neurofibromatosis types 1 & 2), and radiofrequency radiation and electromagnetic radiation exposure.

    Metastatic Intracranial Tumors

    • Cancer originates elsewhere in the body and metastasizes to the brain via blood.
    • Most common brain tumors in adults, with 4-10 times more frequent occurrence than primary brain tumors.
    • Usually multiple lesions, with cancers most likely to spread to the brain being lung, breast, melanoma, renal cell, and colon.

    Classification of Primary Brain Tumors

    Meningioma

    • Attached to the dura mater, slow-growing tumors with a strong female predominance.
    • Consider neurofibromatosis, often asymptomatic, with surgery as the main treatment.
    • Problems arise from pressure, with visual complications if affecting optic nerve tract, and seizures in 25-40% of patients.

    Acoustic Neuroma

    • Also known as vestibular schwannoma, arising from the vestibular portion of CN VIII.
    • Median age at diagnosis is 50, with unilateral cases in more than 90% of cases.
    • Bilateral vestibular schwannomas suggest neurofibromatosis type 2 until proven otherwise.
    • Risk factors include familial or genetic risk, noise exposure, and leisure settings (OR=1.9) and work (OR=1.5).
    • Clinical presentation includes asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss with or without other focal cranial nerve deficits, confirmed with audiometry and imaged with MRI or CT.

    Glioblastoma

    • Most common primary malignant brain tumor, with usual age-of-onset above 60.
    • Usually located in cerebral white matter, with heterogeneous cellular origins.
    • Characterized by necrosis with vascular proliferation, forming a "ring of tissue around necrotic core".

    Glioma

    • Catch-all term for tumors originating from glial cells (neural structural/support cells).
    • Includes astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and oligodendroglioma.
    • Graded by the presence or absence of standard pathologic features (WHO Grades I-IV).

    Clinical Presentation of Brain Tumors

    • Headaches in 20% of cases, typically worst on rising in the morning.
    • Seizures in 35% of cases, with presentation depending on location.
    • Can mimic stroke, with clinical features evaluated through CT and/or MRI, EEG, surgery, and radiation therapy.

    Sequelae of Brain Tumors

    • Cognitive dysfunction, frontal personality, and loss of social inhibition.
    • Left hemispheric tumors: language dysfunction.
    • Right hemispheric tumors: problems with visual perception and scanning.

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    Description

    Learn about primary CNS tumors, their origins, and types, as well as the risk factors involved, including occupation and radiation exposure.

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