Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of primary brain tumors?
Which factor is commonly linked to the development of brain tumors?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with brain tumors?
What percentage of admissions in brain tumor rehabilitation studies are typically associated with Glioblastoma?
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Which environmental factor has been implicated in the etiology of brain tumors?
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What is a significant side effect of chemotherapy that can impact rehabilitation?
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Which medication can be used to help manage nausea during chemotherapy?
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What is a common risk associated with chemotherapy that involves blood cell counts?
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Which of the following is a potential long-term side effect of radiation therapy?
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What percentage range represents the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with high-grade gliomas?
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Which of the following can occur as a side effect of radiation therapy?
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What complication can arise from surgery in patients with brain tumors regarding blood clots?
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What can corticosteroids help alleviate during radiation therapy?
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What is the primary concern for patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors regarding their functional status?
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Why is chemotherapy not commonly used for benign brain tumors?
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What are common side effects of radiation therapy for brain tumor patients?
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What complication should be monitored in brain tumor patients post-surgery?
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What is a major concern for caregivers of brain tumor patients?
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What factors are considered to ideally select a candidate for brain tumor surgery?
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Which tumor grade indicates the fastest growth and highest aggressiveness?
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How can care of the caregiver be impacted in families dealing with brain tumors?
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Study Notes
Brain Tumors Overview
- Originates from abnormal cells in the brain or central spine canal, leading to growth that forms a mass.
- Tumors are classified as primary (originating in the brain) or metastatic (spreading from other body sites).
- Always malignant when metastasized.
Tumor Grading (WHO System)
- Grade I: Least malignant, slow growth.
- Grade II: Slow growing, potential for spread and recurrence.
- Grade III: Faster growth, higher malignancy, often recurring.
- Grade IV: Most aggressive, fastest growing; may consist of various cell grades.
Common Primary Brain Tumors
- Meningioma
- Gliomas:
- Low Grade Astrocytoma
- Malignant Astrocytoma
- Glioblastoma
- Oligodendroglioma
- Medulloblastoma
Family Impact of Brain Tumors
- Shift in traditional family roles and dynamics.
- Possibility of single parenting within two-parent households.
- Loss of existing relationships and changes in caregiving responsibilities.
- Emotional fears related to seizures, behavioral changes, future uncertainties, and caregiver neglect.
Treatment and Rehabilitation Implications
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Surgery:
- Primary treatment for most patients; improves survival and quality of life.
- Ideal candidates: surgically accessible tumors, good functional status, younger patients, well-controlled primary tumors.
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Chemotherapy:
- Not typically effective for benign or metastatic tumors.
- Increasing use in primary malignant tumors; side effects include nausea and thrombocytopenia.
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Radiation Therapy:
- Uses high-energy beams to damage tumor cells; administered on an outpatient basis.
- Side effects: skin issues, fatigue, cognitive decline, and potential long-term memory impairment.
- Corticosteroids may alleviate symptoms during treatment.
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT):
- Patients with brain tumors are at risk for thromboembolic events, with DVT incidence ranging from 3%-60% post-surgery, affected by prophylaxis used.
Epidemiology
- Incidence of brain tumors: 8-25 per 100,000 individuals.
- Second leading cause of cancer-related death.
- Among rehabilitation admissions for brain tumors, approximately:
- 30% are Glioblastoma
- 25% are metastatic tumors (most commonly from lung and breast cancers)
- 20% are meningiomas.
Common Symptoms of Brain Tumors
- Unusual headaches.
- Seizures.
- Changes in memory, personality, or behavior.
- Difficulty processing information.
- Visual disturbances (blurred or double vision).
- Changes in motor control.
Etiology Factors
- Genetic predispositions and hereditary factors.
- Viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr linked to primary brain lymphoma.
- Environmental exposures (e.g., pesticides, chemicals).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of primary and metastatic brain tumors, focusing on their grading and characteristics as defined by the WHO international grading system. Learn about various types of brain tumors and their malignant potential in this informative quiz.
