Primary Assessment in First Aid
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the LLF protocol?

  • Listen to the sound of air coming from the mouth or nose
  • Look for the rise and fall of the chest (correct)
  • Check for definitive pulse at Carotid area
  • Feel the Carotid pulse

Which area should be checked for a definitive pulse in an adult or child according to the LLF protocol?

  • Carotid pulse (correct)
  • Radial pulse
  • Brachial pulse
  • Femoral pulse

In the context of assessing for severe bleeding, what should you look for?

  • Blood pressure reading
  • Blood-soaked clothing (correct)
  • Pupil size
  • Temperature of extremities

What can untreated shock lead to?

<p>Death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does the text NOT suggest as a method to gain essential information about a patient's medical history?

<p>Checking skin color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the LLF protocol recommend checking for when assessing a victim's primary airway?

<p>Sound of air coming from the mouth or nose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' stand for in the AVPU mnemonic used to summarize a patient's response level?

<p>Alert (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During primary assessment, what is the first step after checking the patient's responsiveness?

<p>Activate Medical Help (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a CARE FIRST situation, what type of emergencies are often related to?

<p>Breathing Emergencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'U' stand for in the AVPU mnemonic used for assessing responsiveness?

<p>Unconscious (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique should be employed to check an unconscious person for breathing?

<p>LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL for no more than 10 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to call first in CARDIAC emergencies?

<p>To activate medical help quickly since time is critical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a good first aider based on the text?

<p>Being observant and noticing all signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential quality for a first aider to have when handling a victim?

<p>Being empathetic and comforting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can infectious diseases be transmitted according to the text?

<p>By direct contact between individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common transmittable diseases mentioned in the text?

<p>Meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a first aider prioritize when approaching a scene for emergency action?

<p>Ensuring personal safety first (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of body substance isolation (BSI) in first aid?

<p>To protect against disease transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL

A technique using sight, sound, and touch to check for breathing. Look for chest rise and fall, listen for air from the nose and mouth, and feel for breath on your cheek.

Carotid Pulse

A pulse located on the side of the neck, used to check for circulation.

Shock

A condition characterized by a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and pale skin, often caused by blood loss or injury.

SAMPLE

A method used to gather information from a patient and bystanders, including signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last intake and output, and events leading up to the incident.

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AVPU

A mnemonic used to assess a patient's level of consciousness: Alert, Response to Voice, Response to Pain, Unresponsive.

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Assessing Responsiveness

The first step in primary assessment where you determine if the patient is conscious or unconscious.

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Scene Size-up

A series of actions taken to assess the scene for safety, identify the cause of injury, and count the number of casualties.

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Activating Medical Help

The act of calling for emergency medical services.

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Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A device used to deliver an electric shock to the heart to restore a normal heartbeat.

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Gentle

A first aider should be gentle to avoid causing additional pain or discomfort.

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Resourceful

A first aider should be resourceful and make the best use of available tools and resources.

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Observant

A first aider should be observant and notice all signs and changes in the patient's condition.

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Tactful

A first aider should interact with the patient and bystanders in a calm and respectful manner.

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Emphatic

A first aider should provide comfort and reassurance to the patient.

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Respectable

A first aider should maintain a professional and caring attitude towards the patient.

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Universal Precautions

Practices used to prevent the spread of disease by assuming all body fluids are potentially infectious.

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Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

A set of practices designed to isolate bodily substances and prevent transmission of infections.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Protective equipment used to prevent transmission of infectious diseases, such as gloves, masks, and gowns.

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Study Notes

Primary Assessment

  • Use the LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL technique to check for breathing, air coming from the mouth or nose, and the rise and fall of the chest.
  • Feel the Carotid pulse for 10 seconds to check for circulation.

Bleeding and Shock

  • Quickly look for severe bleeding from head to toe.
  • Check for signs of shock, as it can lead to death if left untreated.

Secondary Assessment

  • Interview the person and bystanders to gather information.
  • Check the person from head to toe, and check vital signs.
  • Use the SAMPLE approach to ask questions: Signs & Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last intake & output, and Events leading up to injury or illness.

Assessing Responsiveness

  • Use the AVPU mnemonic to assess a patient's response level: Alert, Response to Voice, Response to Pain, Unresponsive/Unconscious.
  • Assessing responsiveness is the first step in primary assessment.

Activating Medical Help

  • Call for local emergency number and get an Automated External Defibrillator.
  • Provide information: what happened, location, number of people injured or ill, cause and extent of injury, and first aid given.
  • Identify yourself and hang up the phone last.

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

  • GENTLE: avoid causing or adding pain to the patient.
  • RESOURCEFUL: make the best use of available resources.
  • OBSERVANT: notice all signs and be aware of what is happening.
  • TACTFUL: handle the victim with care and in a calm manner.
  • EMPHATIC: be comforting.
  • RESPECTABLE: maintain a professional and caring attitude.

Health Hazards and Risks

  • Common transmittable diseases: Herpes, Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS.
  • Disease transmission can occur through direct contact, indirect contact, and airborne transmission.

Prevention and Protection

  • Universal Precautions: take precautions to prevent the spread of diseases.
  • Body Substance Isolation (BSI): isolate bodily substances to prevent transmission.
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): use equipment to prevent transmission.

Emergency Action Principles

  • Scene Size-up: assess the scene for safety, cause of injury, and number of casualties.

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Description

Learn about the primary steps to take in assessing a patient's responsiveness and activating medical help in a first aid situation. Understand the AVPU mnemonic and how to perform a primary airway assessment, breathing check, and circulation evaluation.

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