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Questions and Answers
Primary sources are documents or artifacts created by someone who did not witness the event.
Primary sources are documents or artifacts created by someone who did not witness the event.
False (B)
Secondary sources are created from primary sources and often provide interpretation or analysis.
Secondary sources are created from primary sources and often provide interpretation or analysis.
True (A)
Eyewitness accounts are considered primary sources because they provide firsthand testimony of events.
Eyewitness accounts are considered primary sources because they provide firsthand testimony of events.
True (A)
Primary sources can only include written documents like letters and diaries.
Primary sources can only include written documents like letters and diaries.
The integrity of a primary source refers to its physical state and preservation over time.
The integrity of a primary source refers to its physical state and preservation over time.
The study of primary sources has no impact on historical narratives or interpretations.
The study of primary sources has no impact on historical narratives or interpretations.
Marginalized groups should be included in historical narratives to provide a comprehensive view of history.
Marginalized groups should be included in historical narratives to provide a comprehensive view of history.
Analyzing primary sources does not require any critical examination of the source material.
Analyzing primary sources does not require any critical examination of the source material.
Secondary sources are written only by authors who witnessed the events firsthand.
Secondary sources are written only by authors who witnessed the events firsthand.
The reliability of a primary source increases when it was created closer to the date of the event.
The reliability of a primary source increases when it was created closer to the date of the event.
Museology focuses on the study of ancient writing systems.
Museology focuses on the study of ancient writing systems.
Archives are places where old government or church documents are stored for safekeeping and research.
Archives are places where old government or church documents are stored for safekeeping and research.
Numismatics involves the study of inscriptions on monuments.
Numismatics involves the study of inscriptions on monuments.
The more recent a secondary source is, the more reliable it tends to be.
The more recent a secondary source is, the more reliable it tends to be.
Primary sources can include personal experiences and eyewitness accounts.
Primary sources can include personal experiences and eyewitness accounts.
The National Museum of the Philippines is an institution that displays artifacts and historical implements.
The National Museum of the Philippines is an institution that displays artifacts and historical implements.
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Study Notes
Primary and Secondary Sources
- Sources produced at the same time as the event are primary sources
- Primary sources are created by a witness or participant of the event
- Examples of primary sources include diaries, letters, interviews, photographs and newspapers
- Unwritten sources can also be considered primary sources
- Primary sources have a unique date, location, authorship, analysis, integrity and credibility
- Secondary sources are produced by authors who use and interpret primary sources to answer a research question
- Secondary sources include books, theses, journal articles and magazines
- The closer the date of creation of a primary source, the more reliable it is
- The more recent the secondary source, the more reliable it is
Evaluating Sources
- Questions to ask to evaluate a primary source:
- How did the author know about the given details? Was the author present at the event?
- Where did the information come from? Was it an eyewitness account?
- Did the author conclude based on a single or multiple sources?
- Evaluating secondary sources depends on:
- Genealogy of the document
- Genesis of the document
- Originality of the document
- Interpretation of the document
- Authorial authority of the document
- Competence of the observer
- Trustworthiness of the observer
Repositories of Primary Sources
- Repositories of primary sources are institutions that store, preserve, and make accessible primary sources for historical research
- Examples of repositories of primary sources include:
- Museums
- Archives
- Libraries
Examples of Repositories in the Philippines
- National Archives of the Philippines
- National Library of the Philippines
- National Historical Commission of the Philippines
- National Museum of the Philippines
Research Methods
- Epigraphy is the study of ancient inscriptions
- Numismatics is the study of coins and currency
- Paleography is the study of ancient writing systems
- Cryptography is the practice of encrypting transmitted information
- Museology is the study of museums
Writing History
- Historical writing is based on:
- Critical examination of sources
- Selection of particular details from authentic materials
- Synthesis of these details into a narrative
- The process of historical writing includes:
- Choosing a topic
- Looking for data through historical sources
- Determining the data as primary or secondary sources
- Analyzing the data through historical criticism
- Writing the entire narrative
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