Pricing Strategies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are conditions to apply Skimming Pricing?

  • The market must be highly price sensitive.
  • The product's quality and image must support its higher price and enough buyers must want the product at that price. (correct)
  • The cost of producing a smaller volume cannot be so high that they cancel the advantage of charging more. (correct)
  • Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily and undercut the high price. (correct)

Which of the following are conditions to apply Penetration Pricing?

  • The product's quality and image must support its higher price and enough buyers must want the product at that price.
  • The cost of producing a smaller volume cannot be so high that they cancel the advantage of charging more.
  • Competitors should not be able to enter the market easily and undercut the high price.
  • The market must be highly price sensitive. (correct)

What is Product Line Pricing?

  • Setting a price for by-products in order to make the main product's price more competitive.
  • Setting a price for products that must be used along with a main product.
  • The pricing of optional or accessories products along with a main product.
  • Setting the price steps between various products in a product line based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluation of different features, and competitors' prices. (correct)

What is Optional-product Pricing?

<p>The pricing of optional or accessories products along with a main product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Captive-product Pricing?

<p>Setting a price for products that must be used along with a main product. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is By-product Pricing?

<p>Setting a price for by-products in order to make the main product's price more competitive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Product Bundle?

<p>Pricing Combining several products and offering the bundle at a reduced price. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Discount?

<p>A straight reduction in price on purchases during a stated period of time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Allowance?

<p>Promotional money paid by manufacturer to retailers in return for an agreement to feature the manufacturer's products in some way. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Segmented Pricing?

<p>Selling a product or service at two or more prices, where the difference in prices is not based on differences in cost. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Psychological Pricing?

<p>A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics, the price is used to say something about the product. (B), A pricing approach that considers the psychology of prices and not simply the economics, the price is used to say something about the product. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Promotional Pricing?

<p>Temporarily pricing products below the list price and sometimes even below cost, to increase short-run sales, to create buying excitement and urgency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is FOB-Origin Pricing?

<p>A geographical pricing strategy in which goods are placed free on board a carrier; the customer pays the freight from the factory to the destination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Uniform-delivered Pricing?

<p>A geographical pricing strategy in which the company charges the same price plus freight to all customers, regardless of their locations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Zone Pricing?

<p>A geographical pricing strategy in which the company sets up two or more zones. All customers within a zone pay the same total price; the more distant the zone, the high he price.. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Basing-point Pricing?

<p>A geographical pricing strategy in which the seller designate some city as a basing point and charges all customers the freight cost from that city to the customer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Freight-absorption Pricing?

<p>A geographical pricing strategy in which the seller absorbs all or part of the freight charges in order to get the desired business. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Dynamic Pricing?

<p>Adjusting price continually to meet the characteristics and needs of individual customers and situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of International Pricing?

<p>Most companies adjust their prices to reflect local market conditions and cost considerations. (C), In some cases, companies set uniform world-wide price. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons for price cuts?

<p>Excess capacity, Falling demand, To use 'low-price' as a promotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons for price increases?

<p>To improve profit, Cost inflation, Over demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Market Skimming Pricing

Setting a high price for a new product to maximize revenue from early adopters, who are willing to pay a premium for exclusivity and innovation.

Condition 1 for Skimming Pricing

The product's quality and image must support the high price, and a significant market must exist at that price.

Condition 2 for Skimming Pricing

The cost of producing a smaller volume cannot be so high that it negates the advantage of charging more.

Condition 3 for Skimming Pricing

Competitors should not easily enter the market and undercut the high price.

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Penetration Pricing

Setting a low price for a new product to attract a large number of buyers and capture a significant market share.

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Condition 1 for Penetration Pricing

The market must be highly price sensitive, meaning customers are more likely to buy if the price is low.

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Condition 2 for Penetration Pricing

Production and distribution costs must fall as sales volume increases, making it possible to offer a low price and still make a profit.

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Condition 3 for Penetration Pricing

The low price must help keep out the competition, discouraging new rivals from entering the market.

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Product Line Pricing

Setting prices for different products within a product line, based on cost differences, customer perception of features, and competitor pricing.

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Optional-product Pricing

Pricing optional or accessory products sold alongside a main product, like a car's sunroof or leather seats.

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Captive-product Pricing

Setting a price for products that are essential to use with a main product, like ink cartridges for a printer.

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By-product Pricing

Setting a price for by-products, often produced as a result of making the main product, to make the main product's price more competitive.

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Product Bundle Pricing

Combining several products and offering the bundle at a reduced price, encouraging customers to buy more.

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Promotional Pricing

Reducing prices for a limited time to stimulate sales, create urgency, and increase excitement.

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Discount Pricing

Offering a straight reduction in price during a specified period, like a holiday sale or early bird discount.

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Allowance Pricing

Promotional money paid by a manufacturer to retailers for featuring their products in their store or advertising.

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Customer Segment Pricing

Offering different prices to different customer segments based on factors like age, income, location, or loyalty.

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Location Pricing

Adjusting prices based on geographic location to account for transportation costs or local market conditions.

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Time Pricing

Charging different prices based on the time of purchase, like peak season rates for hotels or airline tickets.

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Psychological Pricing

Using prices to convey a product's perceived value or image, rather than simply reflecting costs.

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Reference Prices

Prices that consumers have in their minds and use as a reference when evaluating a product's price.

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Pricing Signals

Using prices to signal or emphasize a product's unique features or benefits, like using 'sale' or 'special' labels.

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Odd Pricing

Using prices that end in odd numbers, like $9.99 instead of $10, to create a perception of a lower price.

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Geographical Pricing

Setting prices for customers located in different parts of the country or world, considering factors like transportation costs.

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FOB-Origin Pricing

The seller charges the freight cost from the factory to the customer's destination, and the customer is responsible for the shipping.

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Uniform-delivered Pricing

The seller charges the same price plus freight to all customers, regardless of their location, simplifying shipping costs.

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Zone Pricing

The seller divides the country into zones and sets different prices for customers within each zone, based on distance.

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Basing-point Pricing

The seller uses one city as a reference point and charges all customers the freight cost from that city to their location.

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Freight-absorption Pricing

The seller absorbs all or part of the freight costs to secure the business, making the product more attractive in a specific area.

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Dynamic Pricing

Continuously adjusting prices based on real-time factors like demand, competition, and customer behavior.

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International Pricing

Setting prices for products sold in international markets, often adjusted to reflect local market conditions and costs.

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Study Notes

Pricing Strategies

  • Market Skimming Pricing: Setting a high initial price for a new product to maximize revenue from those willing to pay it; the company makes fewer but more profitable sales.

    • Conditions for successful skimming: the product's quality/image must support the price, production costs of lower volumes aren't too high to negate the price advantage, and competitors should not easily enter the market.
  • Penetration Pricing: Setting a low initial price for a new product to attract a large number of customers and capture a large market share.

    • Conditions for successful penetration: the market is highly price-sensitive, production costs decrease with increasing volume, a low price must deter competition.

Product Mix Strategies

  • Product Line Pricing: Setting price steps between different products in a product line, based on cost differences, customer evaluations of features, and competitor prices.

  • Optional-Product Pricing: Pricing additional or accessory products sold along with the main product.

  • Captive-Product Pricing: Pricing products that must be used with another product (e.g., razor blades, printer ink).

  • By-product Pricing: Pricing by-products to increase competitiveness of the main product.

Price Adjustment Strategies

  • Discount and Allowance Pricing: Offering discounts or allowances (e.g., trade-in, promotional) to encourage purchases. Discounts are a straight price reduction, allowances are promotional money to retailers in exchange for promoting the product.

  • Segmented Pricing: Selling a product or service at differing prices to different customer segments, regardless of cost differences. Types include: Customer segment pricing, Product form pricing, Location pricing, and Time pricing.

  • Psychological Pricing: A pricing approach that considers customer psychology, using prices to signal something about the product (e.g., using odd pricing).

  • Promotional Pricing: Temporarily pricing products below the list price to stimulate sales and generate excitement; this may include special event pricing, and low interest financing.

Geographical Pricing

  • FOB-Origin Pricing: A pricing method where the buyer assumes all freight costs from the factory.

  • Uniform-Delivered Pricing: A pricing strategy wherein the company charges the same price plus freight to all customers regardless of location .

  • Zone Pricing: A pricing approach that divides the market into zones, and charges different, location-based prices for customers in different zones.

  • Basing-Point Pricing: Setting prices based on a specific location, and adding freight costs from that location to the destination.

  • Freight-Absorption Pricing: A pricing strategy where the seller absorbs all or part of the freight charges to get customers.

Dynamic Pricing

  • A pricing approach that adjusts pricing based on various criteria, characteristics, and needs of the individual customer.

International Pricing

  • Companies may implement uniform pricing globally or adjust prices to reflect local market conditions and cost considerations.

Initiating Price Changes

  • Initiating Price Cuts: Reasons include excess capacity, falling demand, promoting sales.

  • Initiating Price Increases: Reasons include increasing profit, cost inflation, and over demand.

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