Preventive Medicine

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Questions and Answers

What is the objective of Preventive Medicine?

To identify the symptoms of the disease

To provide palliative care to patients

To cure the disease

To oppose the cause of the disease and thereby the disease process (correct)

What is necessary to initiate preventive measures?

Knowledge of natural history of disease (correct)

Knowledge of disease diagnosis

Knowledge of disease prognosis

Knowledge of disease treatment

What is the main goal of primordial prevention?

To treat chronic diseases

To educate patients about their disease

To prevent the emergence of risk factors (correct)

To prevent the onset of disease

What is an example of primary prevention?

Discouraging harmful lifestyles in childhood Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of secondary prevention?

Stopping the progress of disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a method of intervention in secondary prevention?

Medical treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of population (mass) strategy in primary prevention?

To direct actions at the whole population irrespective of individual risk level Signup and view all the answers

What level of prevention involves action taken after the onset of disease?

Secondary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is secondary prevention characterized by?

The patient has already been subject to mental and physical pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention?

Minimizing suffering and promoting patient adjustment Signup and view all the answers

What is intervention defined as?

An attempt to interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the first mode of intervention in the continuum?

Health promotion Signup and view all the answers

How many modes of intervention are there?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the last mode of intervention in the continuum?

Rehabilitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of health promotion?

To enable people to increase control over the determinants of health Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of specific protection?

Use of specific nutrients (Vitamin A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of early diagnosis and treatment?

It improves the prognosis of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of disability?

Disease – impairment – disability – handicap Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of rehabilitation?

To train and retrain individuals to the highest possible level of functional ability Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of prevention that aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease?

Tertiary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the school health session?

Eye care and prevention of eye infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of prevention that aims to avoid or remove the cause of a health problem?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disease Prevention

Objective of Preventive Medicine is to oppose the cause of the disease and thereby the disease process
Successful prevention depends on knowledge of causation, dynamics of transmission, identification of risk factors and risk groups, availability of prophylaxis & vaccination, and availability of treatment
It is desirable to know the natural history of disease to initiate preventive measures

Levels of Prevention

Primordial prevention: prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups where they have not yet appeared
Primary prevention: action taken prior to the onset of disease
Secondary prevention: action which stops the progress of a disease at its early stage and prevents complications
Tertiary prevention: measures to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering, and promote patients' adjustment to permanent conditions

Primary Prevention

Works with people who have at least one risk factor for developing disease
Approaches for primary prevention of chronic diseases:
- Population (mass) strategy
- High-risk strategy

Secondary Prevention

More expensive, less effective, and occurs after the patient has already been subject to mental and physical pain
Methods of intervention: medical treatment, health education, and lifestyle changes

Tertiary Prevention

All measures to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering, and promote patients' adjustment to permanent conditions

Modes of Intervention

Intervention is an attempt to interrupt the usual sequence in the development of disease in man
Five modes of intervention:
- Health promotion
- Specific protection
- Early diagnosis and treatment
- Disability limitation
- Rehabilitation

Health Promotion

Enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health
Includes health education, nutritional intervention, and lifestyle and behavioral change

Specific Protection

Immunization, use of specific nutrients, chemoprophylaxis, protection against occupational hazards, protection against accidents, and avoidance of allergens

Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Earlier a disease is diagnosed and treated, the better it is from the point of view of prognosis

Disability Limitation

Concept of disability: disease → impairment → disability → handicap
Example: an accident → loss of foot → cannot walk → unemployed

Rehabilitation

Combined and coordinated use of medical, social, educational, and vocational measures for training and retraining the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability

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Description

Learn about the objectives and principles of preventive medicine, including disease prevention and causation. Test your knowledge with this quiz!