Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community?
What is the primary purpose of a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community?
- To secure the defendant's next court appearance as an alternative to pretrial detention. (correct)
- To monitor the defendant's activities and ensure community service completion.
- To provide a recreational opportunity for the defendant.
- To allow the defendant to seek employment opportunities exclusively.
Which of the following describes the role of pretrial services?
Which of the following describes the role of pretrial services?
- Managing parolees after their release from prison.
- Providing legal counsel to defendants before their trial.
- Offering rehabilitation programs for convicted offenders.
- Assisting the court in determining whom to release or detain. (correct)
What is the main goal of diversion programs for offenders?
What is the main goal of diversion programs for offenders?
- To isolate offenders from their communities to prevent further crimes.
- To offer offenders an alternative to paying fines or restitution.
- To provide offenders with job training opportunities exclusively.
- To keep offenders from the negative effects of incarceration while addressing their challenges. (correct)
What does 'reflective justice' in judicial proceedings emphasize?
What does 'reflective justice' in judicial proceedings emphasize?
What is community supervision that tries to invoke shame in an offender typically called?
What is community supervision that tries to invoke shame in an offender typically called?
What was the primary driver behind the adoption of sentencing guidelines?
What was the primary driver behind the adoption of sentencing guidelines?
If a crime has taken a toll physically, emotionally, financially, or psychologically on the victim and the victim's family, what is a written account of this known as?
If a crime has taken a toll physically, emotionally, financially, or psychologically on the victim and the victim's family, what is a written account of this known as?
What is the initial meeting between a probation officer and an offender during a presentence investigation typically called?
What is the initial meeting between a probation officer and an offender during a presentence investigation typically called?
Which type of report primarily concentrates on the details of the crime, the offender's culpability, and their past criminal record?
Which type of report primarily concentrates on the details of the crime, the offender's culpability, and their past criminal record?
What document serves as the main information source for courts when deciding whether to grant probation or impose a different sentence?
What document serves as the main information source for courts when deciding whether to grant probation or impose a different sentence?
What are conditions imposed on all individuals under community supervision in a given jurisdiction referred to?
What are conditions imposed on all individuals under community supervision in a given jurisdiction referred to?
What term describes stipulations tailored to fit the problems and needs of an individual offender?
What term describes stipulations tailored to fit the problems and needs of an individual offender?
What opportunity refers to a defendant and/or his or her attorney reviewing a draft of the presentence report?
What opportunity refers to a defendant and/or his or her attorney reviewing a draft of the presentence report?
Which Amendment right do courts say a defendant does not have during the initial probation interview?
Which Amendment right do courts say a defendant does not have during the initial probation interview?
Which of the following is an example of a special condition of community sanctions?
Which of the following is an example of a special condition of community sanctions?
The contents of the presentence investigation and report vary according to what factor?
The contents of the presentence investigation and report vary according to what factor?
When a court proceeds directly to sentencing without a PSI, what type of report is written?
When a court proceeds directly to sentencing without a PSI, what type of report is written?
Who utilizes the PSI report in their tasks?
Who utilizes the PSI report in their tasks?
What part of the PSI presents the offender's probability of risk to the community?
What part of the PSI presents the offender's probability of risk to the community?
Pretrial service officers have what type of release authority?
Pretrial service officers have what type of release authority?
Flashcards
Pretrial release
Pretrial release
Supervised release from jail into the community as an alternative to pretrial detention.
Pretrial services
Pretrial services
An agency assisting the court in release/detention decisions using assessments and interviews.
Diversion
Diversion
Attempts to shield offenders from incarceration's negative impacts while offering community rehab programs.
Reflective justice
Reflective justice
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Scarlet letter
Scarlet letter
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Sentencing guidelines
Sentencing guidelines
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Victim impact statement
Victim impact statement
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Initial interview
Initial interview
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Offense-based reports
Offense-based reports
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Presentence investigation report
Presentence investigation report
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Standard conditions
Standard conditions
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Special conditions
Special conditions
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Disclosure
Disclosure
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Sixth Amendment
Sixth Amendment
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True
True
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True
True
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True
True
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Needs
Needs
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54-item scale
54-item scale
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Surveillance
Surveillance
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Study Notes
- Pretrial release is a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community to secure the defendant's next court appearance as an alternative to pretrial detention.
- The Manhattan Bail Project began in 1960.
- Pretrial services is an agency that assists the court in deciding whom to release and detain based on validated assessment instruments and also a pretrial interview of the defendant.
- Diversion attempts to keep offenders from the negative effects of incarceration while providing rehabilitation programs in the community.
- Judges engage in reflective justice, meaning that each individual case is considered in terms of its harms, wrongs, and contexts, and then measured against concepts such as oppression, freedom, dignity, and equality.
- The form of community supervision that attempts to invoke shame in the offender is called a scarlet letter condition.
- The primary reason for the adoption of sentencing guidelines was to control judicial discretion.
- A victim impact statement is a written account by the victim(s) as to how the crime has affected them physically, emotionally, financially, or psychologically.
- The initial interview is the first task in conducting a presentence investigation, meeting with the offender and completing an investigatory worksheet.
- Offense-based reports primarily focus on the crime, the offender's culpability, and the offender's prior criminal history.
- A presentence investigation report is the major source of information used by the courts in determining whether or not to grant probation or impose some other sentence.
- Standard conditions are imposed on all individuals under community supervision in a given jurisdiction, regardless of the nature of the offense committed.
- Special conditions are additional stipulations tailored to fit the problems and needs of the individual offender and ordered by the court.
- Disclosure refers to an opportunity for a defendant or their attorney to review a draft of the presentence report.
- Courts have held that a defendant does not have a Sixth Amendment right to have an attorney present during the initial probation interview.
- Obtaining a GED is a special condition of community sanctions.
- The contents of the presentence investigation and report vary according to whether it is an offender-based or offense-based PSI.
- A post-sentence report is ordered when a court has proceeded directly to the sentencing phase without a PSI, usually after accepting a plea bargain.
- Judges, defense attorneys, and prosecution attorneys all use the PSI report in carrying out their tasks.
- The evaluative summary of the PSI presents the offender's risk to the community, the amount of harm caused, the ability to pay monetary costs, and the need for treatment.
- Pretrial services officers can release the defendant before the initial court appearance with their delegated release authority,
- Community ties are useful in predicting a defendant's risk or likelihood of appearing in court.
- Delegated release authority allows pretrial services officers to release a defendant before appearing in front of a judge.
- An instance where a defendant does not attend a scheduled court hearing is referred to as failure to appear.
- Successfully completing diversion results in no official criminal record for the accused.
- Community corrections departments serve both a supervisory and rehabilitative function in the criminal justice system.
- Each new client under community supervision must be interviewed.
- Programs mixing low-risk offenders with high-risk offenders have not decreased recidivism.
- Race is not a dynamic risk factor.
- Probation and parole officers may conduct warrantless searches of their client's homes with reasonable suspicion.
- Supervision refers to the management that an officer maintains over offenders committed to their custody.
- Need analytics involves interviewing an offender using a validated quantitative instrument to identify their risk of recidivism and criminogenic needs in order to address treatment.
- The number of arrests, prior convictions, and history of abuse are static factors.
- Employment status, substance abuse, and lack of housing are dynamic factors.
- The LSI-R is a 54-item scale that assigns a numerical value to factors in the presentence report.
- Needs assessment uses a validated quantitative instrument to help identify characteristics, conditions, or behavioral problems or limit an offender's motivation or criminal behavior.
- Substance abuse is a static factor.
- An issue is an identified problem, characteristic, or pattern of conduct that requires intervention for change.
- Surveillance is the process of determining if probationers and parolees meet the conditions imposed by the court or parole board.
- Administrative supervision is the lowest level of supervision with no requirement for the probationer to personally visit or contact a probation officer.
- Caseload refers to the number of individuals or cases on probation or parole that an officer can effectively supervise.
- Collateral contacts like teachers, employers, or relatives are valuable for probation/parole officers due to having direct contact with the offender.
- A case treatment plan includes the main goals that the offender will work on during probation/parole.
- Field contact is time-consuming and also the most valuable type of face-to-face supervision for both the offender and the supervising officer.
- Criminogenic needs are problems, habits, or deficits directly related to an individual's involvement in criminal behavior.
- Program level should be matched with client risk level according to the principles of effective correctional intervention.
- Women on community supervision have often committed crimes with male partners, or alone, out of financial need.
- Motivational interviewing involves creating a positive climate and understanding, used for getting offenders to recognize their problems.
- Recidivism rates of offenders in neighborhood-based and traditional community supervision are similar.
- The Interstate Compact was the original agreement that provides for the supervision of probationers and parolees in states other than where they were convicted.
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