Presupposition vs Entailment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between propositions p and q in the context of presupposition?

  • p is equivalent to q
  • q is a logical consequence of p
  • p implies q (correct)
  • q implies p

    • When a negated statement is made, what property of presupposition is maintained?

  • Inconsistency under negation
  • Variability under negation
  • Convergence under negation
  • Constancy under negation (correct)

    • If p presupposes q, what can be inferred about the truth value of q given NOT p?

  • q is false
  • Both q and NOT q are true
  • NOT q is true
  • q is still true (correct)

    • In the context of presupposition, what does constancy under negation refer to?

    <p>The presupposed proposition remains true when the original statement is negated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of presupposition, what happens to the presupposed proposition when the original statement is contradicted?

    <p>The presupposed proposition remains unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the property where the presupposition of a statement remains constant when the statement is negated?

    <p>Constancy under negation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is presupposed by both p and NOT p, remaining constant under negation?

    <p>Existential presupposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which linguistic form has been associated with presuppositions in the analysis of speakers' assumptions?

    <p>Possessive constructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of presupposition is assumed in any definite noun phrase?

    <p>Existential presupposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which verb is mentioned in a structure that presents a factive presupposition in the text?

    <p>'Know'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described as a factive presupposition?

    <p>'Everybody believes q'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about presuppositions when they are said to remain constant under negation?

    <p>They are not affected by negation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the factive presupposition in lexical presupposition entail?

    <p>The stated information is necessarily true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between lexical presupposition and structural presuppositions?

    <p>Lexical presuppositions involve unstated concepts, while structural presuppositions involve conventionally assumed truths within sentence structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the w^-question construction in English demonstrate presupposition?

    <p>It suggests that the listener has prior knowledge of the information after 'When' or 'Where'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of presuppositions in pragmatics?

    <p>Presuppositions can influence how information is interpreted and accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do structural presuppositions influence listeners' perception of information?

    <p>They prompt listeners to accept part of the sentence as already true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a factive presupposition differ from a lexical presupposition?

    <p>A factive presupposition always involves questioning the truth of the statement, while a lexical presupposition assumes it to be true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Presupposition and Its Types

    • Presupposition is a relationship between two propositions, where one proposition assumes the truth of another.
    • Examples of presupposition can be seen in possessive constructions (e.g. "your car" implies "you have a car") and definite noun phrases (e.g. "the King of Sweden" implies the existence of the King of Sweden).

    Existential Presupposition

    • Existential presupposition assumes the existence of an entity.
    • It can be seen in possessive constructions and definite noun phrases.

    Factive Presupposition

    • Factive presupposition assumes the truth of the information stated after a verb like "know".
    • Example: "Everybody knows that q" implies that q is a fact.

    Lexical Presupposition

    • Lexical presupposition assumes another concept when using a particular expression.
    • Example: Using the verb "know" implies that the information being referred to is true.

    Structural Presupposition

    • Structural presupposition occurs when certain sentence structures conventionally presuppose that part of the structure is already true.
    • Example: Wh-question construction in English (e.g. "When did he leave?") implies that the information after the wh-word is already known to be true.

    Properties of Presupposition

    • Presuppositions are constant under negation, meaning that they remain true even when the original statement is negated.
    • Example: "Mary's dog is cute" and "Mary's dog isn't cute" both presuppose that Mary has a dog.

    Representation of Presupposition

    • The relationship of presupposition can be represented using the symbol >> to mean "presupposes".
    • Example: p >> q, where p is the sentence and q is the presupposition.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of presupposition and entailment in pragmatics with this quiz. Explore the relationship between propositions and symbols used to represent these concepts.

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