Presupposition vs Entailment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between propositions p and q in the context of presupposition?

  • p is equivalent to q
  • q is a logical consequence of p
  • p implies q (correct)
  • q implies p

When a negated statement is made, what property of presupposition is maintained?

  • Inconsistency under negation
  • Variability under negation
  • Convergence under negation
  • Constancy under negation (correct)

If p presupposes q, what can be inferred about the truth value of q given NOT p?

  • q is false
  • Both q and NOT q are true
  • NOT q is true
  • q is still true (correct)

In the context of presupposition, what does constancy under negation refer to?

<p>The presupposed proposition remains true when the original statement is negated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of presupposition, what happens to the presupposed proposition when the original statement is contradicted?

<p>The presupposed proposition remains unaffected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the property where the presupposition of a statement remains constant when the statement is negated?

<p>Constancy under negation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is presupposed by both p and NOT p, remaining constant under negation?

<p>Existential presupposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which linguistic form has been associated with presuppositions in the analysis of speakers' assumptions?

<p>Possessive constructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of presupposition is assumed in any definite noun phrase?

<p>Existential presupposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which verb is mentioned in a structure that presents a factive presupposition in the text?

<p>'Know' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as a factive presupposition?

<p>'Everybody believes q' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about presuppositions when they are said to remain constant under negation?

<p>They are not affected by negation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the factive presupposition in lexical presupposition entail?

<p>The stated information is necessarily true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between lexical presupposition and structural presuppositions?

<p>Lexical presuppositions involve unstated concepts, while structural presuppositions involve conventionally assumed truths within sentence structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the w^-question construction in English demonstrate presupposition?

<p>It suggests that the listener has prior knowledge of the information after 'When' or 'Where'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of presuppositions in pragmatics?

<p>Presuppositions can influence how information is interpreted and accepted. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do structural presuppositions influence listeners' perception of information?

<p>They prompt listeners to accept part of the sentence as already true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a factive presupposition differ from a lexical presupposition?

<p>A factive presupposition always involves questioning the truth of the statement, while a lexical presupposition assumes it to be true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does 'p implies q' mean in terms of propositions?

In the context of propositional logic, p implies q means that if p is true, then q must also be true.

What is Constancy under negation in presuppositions?

Constancy under negation refers to the property of presuppositions where they remain true even when the original sentence is negated. For example, if the statement 'The king of France is bald' presupposes that 'There is a king of France,' this presupposition will remain true even if the original sentence is negated ('The king of France is not bald').

What happens to q's truth value if p is false, given that p presupposes q?

If p presupposes q, then q remains true even if p is false. This means that the truth of q is independent of the truth of p.

What is an existential presupposition?

An existential presupposition is a type of presupposition where the existence of something is assumed. This type of presupposition remains true regardless of whether the original statement is true or false. For example, the statement 'The king of France is bald' presupposes that there is a king of France. This presupposition remains true even if the statement is negated.

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How do possessive constructions relate to presuppositions?

Possessive constructions such as 'John's car' presuppose the existence of the object in question. They imply the possession of something and that the object (in this case, the car) exists.

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What is a factive presupposition?

A factive presupposition is an understanding that the information embedded within a particular sentence is considered to be true. The speaker accepts this embedded information as a fact. A common example is the use of verbs like 'know' or 'regret,' where the sentence presupposes the truth of the information.

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What is a lexical presupposition?

A lexical presupposition is a presupposition that is tied to the meaning of a particular word or phrase. These presuppositions are ingrained in the semantics of the words. For example, the verb 'regret' presupposes that the event being regretted actually occurred.

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What is a structural presupposition?

Structural presuppositions are linked to specific syntactic structures within a sentence. These structures conventionally imply the truth of certain propositions. A common example is the question 'When did John leave?' The structure of this question presupposes that John left.

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What's the difference between lexical and structural presuppositions?

Lexical presuppositions involve unstated concepts embedded in the meaning of a word. Structural presuppositions involve conventionally assumed truths within specific sentence structures.

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How does w^-question construction demonstrate presupposition?

The w^-question construction in English, such as 'When did John leave?' presupposes that the listener already knows that John left. The question seeks to add more specific information to what is already assumed to be true.

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How do presuppositions play a role in pragmatics?

Presuppositions can influence how information is interpreted and accepted by the listener. They act as background knowledge or assumptions that affect the understanding of the actual content being conveyed.

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Study Notes

Presupposition and Its Types

  • Presupposition is a relationship between two propositions, where one proposition assumes the truth of another.
  • Examples of presupposition can be seen in possessive constructions (e.g. "your car" implies "you have a car") and definite noun phrases (e.g. "the King of Sweden" implies the existence of the King of Sweden).

Existential Presupposition

  • Existential presupposition assumes the existence of an entity.
  • It can be seen in possessive constructions and definite noun phrases.

Factive Presupposition

  • Factive presupposition assumes the truth of the information stated after a verb like "know".
  • Example: "Everybody knows that q" implies that q is a fact.

Lexical Presupposition

  • Lexical presupposition assumes another concept when using a particular expression.
  • Example: Using the verb "know" implies that the information being referred to is true.

Structural Presupposition

  • Structural presupposition occurs when certain sentence structures conventionally presuppose that part of the structure is already true.
  • Example: Wh-question construction in English (e.g. "When did he leave?") implies that the information after the wh-word is already known to be true.

Properties of Presupposition

  • Presuppositions are constant under negation, meaning that they remain true even when the original statement is negated.
  • Example: "Mary's dog is cute" and "Mary's dog isn't cute" both presuppose that Mary has a dog.

Representation of Presupposition

  • The relationship of presupposition can be represented using the symbol >> to mean "presupposes".
  • Example: p >> q, where p is the sentence and q is the presupposition.

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Test your understanding of presupposition and entailment in pragmatics with this quiz. Explore the relationship between propositions and symbols used to represent these concepts.

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