Pressure Ulcer Production and Classification

What initial symptom is characterized by localized tissue swelling due to excess fluid?

What is indicated by non-blanchable erythema that does not disappear when pressure is released?

Which stage of pressure ulcer involves skin breakdown and may include blisters?

What complication may occur if pressure ulcers heal inadequately?

Which type of pressure ulcer extends through deeper tissues and may affect muscle or bone?

Pressure Ulcer Production (UPP)

Continuous pressure on an area reduces blood flow (ischemia)
Compressed capillaries leak fluid (extravasation) into surrounding tissues (infiltration)
Initial manifestations include edema, erythema, pruritus, irritation, pain, and hyperthermia
If pressure persists, tissue oxygenation is compromised (anoxia)
Plasma and cell debris leak into surrounding tissues
A blister (vesicle or bulla) may form, followed by tissue death (necrosis)
A dark, foul-smelling scab (eschar) develops
The size of the exterior wound may not reflect the extent of deeper tissue damage
Pressure ulcers can heal, become infected, or lead to death

Classification of Pressure Ulcers

Grade I: Non-blanchable erythema (redness) that does not fade when pressure is released, affecting only the epidermis
Grade II: Skin breakdown (ulcer) with potential blisters, affecting the epidermis and dermis
Grade III: A deep wound (ulcer) with dead tissue (necrosis) forming a scab, affecting the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, resulting in a crater-like appearance
Grade IV: A deep injury extending through tissues to involve muscle or bone, with possible cavities (tunnels)

Explore the development and classification of pressure ulcers, from initial symptoms to potential outcomes. Understand how continuous pressure affects blood flow and the stages of ulcers leading to deeper tissue damage and infection. This quiz will test your knowledge on key concepts related to pressure ulcer care and prevention.