Pressure Measurement Techniques

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Questions and Answers

What type of pressure measurement device is typically used for high pressure applications?

  • Bourdon Tube (correct)
  • Diaphragm
  • Bellows
  • Strain Gauge

Which primary element reacts by creating a partition between two areas and is often made of rubber?

  • Diaphragm (correct)
  • Piezoelectric Transducer
  • Bourdon Tube
  • Variable Capacitance Transducer

Which device changes resistance in proportion to the pressure applied on it?

  • Pressure Transmitter
  • Bellows
  • Strain Gauge (correct)
  • U-tube Manometer

What is the standard output signal range of a pressure transmitter?

<p>4 to 20 mA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which system is a U-tube manometer often used?

<p>Local Reference (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pressure units is most widely used in the English system?

<p>PSI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does a pressure switch perform in a system?

<p>Measures pressure and can signal alarms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary element generates a small electrical signal proportional to the amount of force exerted on it?

<p>Piezoelectric Transducer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of volumetric flow rate?

<p>The volume of fluid that passes a given point in a pipe per unit of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following units is used to measure mass flow rate?

<p>pounds per hour (lb/h) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mass flow rate calculated from volumetric flow rate?

<p>W = ρ × Q (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the symbol Q represent in flow measurements?

<p>Volumetric flow rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting from cubic meters per second (m³/s) to liters per minute (L/min), what factor is used?

<p>60000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a flow rate is 4.403 m³/h, what is the equivalent flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm)?

<p>1.2 gpm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical unit for measuring volumetric flow rate?

<p>pounds per hour (lb/h) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What output corresponds to 1 US gallon per minute (gpm) in liters per minute (L/min)?

<p>3.785 L/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bourdon Tube

A C-shaped tube used in pressure gauges, and helical/spiral types for high-pressure applications.

Diaphragm

A pressure-sensing device (often rubber) that moves in response to pressure.

Bellows

A pressure-sensing device that expands or contracts with pressure changes.

Strain Gauge

A pressure sensor that changes resistance with applied pressure.

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Piezoelectric Transducer

A pressure sensor made of a quartz crystal; creates electrical signal with pressure.

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Variable Capacitance Transducer

A pressure sensor that changes the capacitance between two plates based on pressure.

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Pressure Gauge

A device that measures and displays pressure, serving as a local pressure measurement.

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Pressure Transmitter

A device that measures pressure and transmits a standardized signal to a controller (e.g., 4-20 mA).

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Volumetric Flow Rate (Q)

The volume of fluid passing a point in a pipe per unit time. It's measured in units like cubic meters per second (m³/s).

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Mass Flow Rate (W)

The mass or weight of fluid flowing per unit time. It's often measured in pounds per hour (lb/hr).

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Units Conversion: How to Convert?

You can use the provided conversion table to convert between different volumetric flow rate units. Each value represents the factor to multiply by to convert from one unit to another.

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US gpd to m³/s

To convert from US gallons per day (gpd) to cubic meters per second (m³/s), multiply by 4.39 * 10⁻⁸.

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US gpm to m³/min

To convert from US gallons per minute (gpm) to cubic meters per minute (m³/min), multiply by 0.00379.

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cfm to m³/h

To convert from cubic feet per minute (cfm) to cubic meters per hour (m³/h), multiply by 1.699.

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m³/s to liter/min

To convert from cubic meters per second (m³/s) to liters per minute (liter/min), multiply by 60000.

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liter/h to m³/min

To convert from liters per hour (liter/h) to cubic meters per minute (m³/min), multiply by 2.78 * 10⁻⁵.

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Study Notes

Pressure Measurements: Primary Elements

  • Bourdon Tube: C-type, helical, and spiral types used in pressure gauges. C-type used for ordinary applications, helical and spiral for high-pressure applications.

  • Diaphragm: Made of rubber, creates a partition between two areas. Moves and reacts based on applied pressure.

  • Bellows: A device that expands or retracts due to pressure.

Pressure Measurements: Other Elements

  • Strain Gauge: Changes resistance in proportion to applied pressure. Increased pressure leads to increased resistance.

  • Piezoelectric Transducer: Quartz crystal device that creates a small electrical signal proportional to applied force.

  • Variable Capacitance Transducer: Two plates; capacitance changes with distance between plates, which is proportional to the pressure acting on the plates.

Units of Pressure

  • Various pressure units exist, PSI (pounds per square inch) and BAR being widely used in different systems.
  • A conversion table is provided for various pressure units (e.g., PSI to kPa, mmHg, etc.).
  • The SI unit for pressure is Pascal (Pa).

Local Reference

  • Pressure gauges are used for local pressure indication.
  • A U-tube manometer is used for differential pressure measurements.
  • Pressure alarms are checked using gauges/instruments for verification.

Remote Control

  • Pressure switches and transmitters measure pressure and send signals to controllers.
  • Switches can be used to sound alarms or as emergency cut-off mechanisms for electrical signals.
  • Pressure transmitters output a standard signal (4-20mA or 0.2-1.0 Bar).

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