32 Questions
What is the definition of piping?
Interconnected Pipes subjected to the same set or sets of design to fulfill the purpose of fluid transportation using different flow control and measurement methods.
What are the main materials used to make pipes?
Metals, Ceramics, Plastics, concrete, or fiberglass.
What are the functions of piping?
Transport, distribution, storage, closing, opening, regulation, control, safety, sealing.
Name three types of pipe components.
Elbow, Tee, Reducers, Flanges, couplings.
What are expansion joints and where are they used?
Expansion joints are in-line, pressure balanced gearlems used in the field of pressure equipment.
What are the main types of stress that pressure vessels are subject to?
Pressure vessels are subject to pressure (inner, operational, hydrostatic, and outer), thermal, and corrosion stress.
What are the different head shapes that pressure vessels and tanks can be designed with?
Pressure vessels can be designed with head shapes such as dish heads, torispherical heads, and ellipsoidal heads.
Why are recommended pipe connections and measurement outlets important in the design of pressure vessel structures?
Recommended pipe connections and measurement outlets are important for the proper functioning and monitoring of pressure vessel structures.
What are the potential dangers associated with pressure difference in pressure vessels?
Pressure difference can be dangerous and can cause railway car buckling due to the expansion or contraction of the vessel.
What functions do pipe fittings, including valves, serve in pressure systems?
Pipe fittings, including valves, serve functions such as starting and stopping the flow, ensuring one-directional transport, avoiding overpressure, and reducing pressure.
What are the different types and designs of pipe valves mentioned in the text?
The text mentions gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves as different types and designs of pipe valves.
Why are loss factors an important consideration in valve selection and design?
Loss factors affect the overall efficiency and performance of the pressure system, making them crucial in valve selection and design.
What is the function of a relief and safety valve?
Prevent equipment damage by relieving accidental overpressurization of fluid systems.
What is the purpose of the orifice plate in a burst safety valve?
To close the valve when the flow reaches the specified pipe break volume and differential pressure.
How does a ball valve stop the fluid flow?
By rotating the ball so that the gap is perpendicular to the flow openings of the valve body.
What is the design of a plug valve?
The body is machined to receive the tapered or cylindrical plug, which is a solid plug with a bored passage at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the pin.
What are the advantages of using a gate valve?
Economical option for on/off control, multidirectional, and offers little resistance to media flow.
What are the disadvantages of using a gate valve?
Not ideal for regulating media flow, can cause water hammer, and prone to leaks.
What are the advantages of using a ball valve?
Long lasting and durable, versatile media compatibility, compact, provide fast cycle speeds, good for high-pressure, high-volume applications, and offer little resistance to media flow.
What are the disadvantages of using a ball valve?
Not ideal for regulating flow and the fast cycle time can lead to water hammer.
What are the key components of piping systems discussed in the text?
Pumps, vessels, heat exchangers, ejectors, and pipelines
What input data is considered for piping system design?
Volumetric flow rate, pressure difference, transportable material, and temperature
What determinations are made from the input data in piping system design?
Tube diameter, wall thickness, material, routing, fixing points, and supports
What guidelines are provided for pipeline design in the text?
Estimating flow velocity, determining pressure drop, and calculating wall thickness
How can the optimal tube diameter be determined in piping system design?
Through total cost analysis, considering investment and operation costs
What are the principal stresses experienced by pipes under internal pressure?
Hydrostatic tension, compression, and bending stress
What theory is used to calculate the resultant stress and inner pressure in pipes?
Mohr's theory
How is the wall thickness of welded pipes calculated?
Using factors such as outside diameter, inner pressure, correction factors, safety factors, and wall thickness tolerance
What considerations are involved in the design of pipe fittings?
Geometry, operation, force, and efficiency considerations
What are the different types of pipe fittings and connectors mentioned in the text?
Bushings, reducing couplings, pipe elbows, pipe nipples, pipe caps, tees, crosses, unions, pipe flanges, valves, soldered or glued joints, and welded butt joints
What are the components of pipe supports and fixings mentioned in the text?
Horizontal supports and vertical hangers
What is the significant dynamic force related to thermal pipe expansion?
Thermal pipe expansion
Study Notes
- The text discusses the design of a piping system as part of a series of lectures on equipment (Gépelemek).
- Key components of piping systems include pumps, vessels, heat exchangers, ejectors, and pipelines.
- Input data for piping system design includes volumetric flow rate, pressure difference, transportable material, and temperature.
- Determinations made from input data include tube diameter, wall thickness, material, routing, and optional details like fixing points and supports.
- Guidelines for pipelines design include estimating flow velocity, determining pressure drop, and calculating wall thickness.
- Optimal tube diameter can be found through total cost analysis, considering investment and operation costs.
- Pipes undergo internal pressure, leading to principal stresses of hydrostatic tension and compression, as well as bending stress.
- Mohr's theory is used to calculate the resultant stress and inner pressure, taking into account the difference between internal and external pressures.
- Wall thickness of welded pipes is calculated using factors such as outside diameter, inner pressure, correction factors, safety factors, and wall thickness tolerance.
- Design of pipe fittings includes geometry, operation, force, and efficiency considerations.
- Sealing methods include curved surface, bottom/top face, or a combination of both.
- Types of pipe fittings and connectors include bushings, reducing couplings, pipe elbows, pipe nipples, pipe caps, tees, crosses, unions, pipe flanges, valves, soldered or glued joints, and welded butt joints.
- Pipe supports and fixings include horizontal supports and vertical hangers, with different physical principles and types.
- Thermal pipe expansion is a significant dynamic force, with additional stress calculated as δλ = α⋅L⋅ΔT, and stress factors σδλ = α⋅ΔT⋅σ and εδλ = α⋅ΔT⋅ε.
- Expansion loops and joints, such as expansion joints and rubber compensators, can mitigate the effects of thermal pipe expansion.
- Principles for dealing with thermal pipe expansion include sliding and elastic principles, but the best approach is proper piping routing.
Test your knowledge on expansion joints, pressure vessels, and the Directive 2014/68/EU related to pressure equipment. This quiz covers the elements of pressure vessels, including in-line and pressure balanced expansion joints, as well as the regulations outlined in the Directive.
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