Pressure and Molecular Movement Quiz

Phases of Matter

• Water vapor is classified as a gas.
• Solids have atoms that are tightly packed and vibrate in place, whereas liquids have atoms that are close together but can move freely; when energy is added to solids, their atoms vibrate faster, potentially transforming into a liquid.
• Changing a liquid into a solid can be achieved through freezing, where energy is removed.
• Solids maintain a fixed shape even when subjected to external forces, such as being hit by a water balloon.
• Liquids take the shape of their container, filling it from the bottom up.

Energy and Molecular Movement

• Molecules in a ball filled with air will contract and move slower when moved to a colder environment due to decreased thermal energy.
• The coldest possible temperature is referred to as absolute zero, which is 0 Kelvin.
• Carbonation in beverages like Coca-Cola adds carbon dioxide gas, creating bubbles that enhance texture and taste.

Phase Changes and Energy

• Boiling a solid in a liquid produces a gas phase as vapor rises.
• Phase changes such as melting or boiling require the addition of pure energy (heat).
• Freezers serve the primary purpose of removing energy from food items, facilitating freeze processes to preserve them.
• Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid that remains at extremely low temperatures, often used for cooling and preservation.

Interactions of Molecules

• As molecules get closer together, their potential for motion decreases, leading to states of matter with increased density, such as solids from liquids.
• The three phases of matter commonly referenced are solid, liquid, and gas.
• Liquid atoms, similar to solid atoms, also become more mobile when energy is added, transitioning toward a gaseous state.
• Rapid molecular movement is characteristic of gases, where particles fill the available space and collide frequently.