1 Preoperative Risk Assessment and Reduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the overall goal of preoperative evaluation?

To administer premedication

To perform routine physical exams

To reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality (correct)

To schedule surgery efficiently

Which is the greatest risk contributor to poor outcomes in perioperative patients?

Anesthesia

Patient comorbidities (correct)

Age

Surgery type

What is the purpose of premedication in preoperative care?

To minimize pain after surgery

To prepare the patient for anesthesia and surgery (correct)

To administer medications routinely

To induce sleep before surgery

How soon before induction should fluid intake be restricted according to available data?

2+ hours before induction Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between morbidity and mortality?

Morbidity refers to complications, while mortality refers to death. Signup and view all the answers

What makes preoperative evaluation effective?

Both history and physical examination are necessary for effective evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

What does inadequate preoperative evaluation lead to?

Increased perioperative morbidity and mortality Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of a consultation in the context of anesthesia evaluation?

To determine the severity of comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for 'clearing' a patient for anesthesia?

The anesthesia provider Signup and view all the answers

What does the ASA classification tool help to determine?

Overall relative risk for anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which ASA classification indicates a patient with mild systemic disease and no functional limitations?

ASA II Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a preoperative assessment?

To assess medical conditions that may impact perioperative care Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of preoperative testing in anesthesia evaluation?

To improve patient outcome and inform the anesthesia plan Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for a preoperative evaluation?

At least several days prior to the planned procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as absolutely required on every patient during a physical examination in the context of anesthesia evaluation?

Physical exam of heart & lungs AND airway Signup and view all the answers

What does thorough medical history assist in planning?

Safe anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Effective preoperative evaluation is based on BOTH ______ and physical examination

history Signup and view all the answers

Preoperative evaluation must always include, at a minimum: _____

Airway exam & Auscultation of heart and lungs Signup and view all the answers

Inadequate preoperative evaluation is associated with anesthetic ______.

complications Signup and view all the answers

Overall goal is to reduce perioperative ______ and mortality

morbidity Signup and view all the answers

Morbidity: unplanned, unwanted, undesirable ______

consequence Signup and view all the answers

In general, _______ antihypertensive medications prior to surgery.

continue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Preoperative Evaluation

The overall goal of preoperative evaluation is to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Risks and Outcomes

The greatest risk contributor to poor outcomes in perioperative patients is inadequate preoperative evaluation.
Inadequate preoperative evaluation is associated with anesthetic complications.

Premedication

The purpose of premedication in preoperative care is to prepare the patient for anesthesia and surgery.

Fluid Intake

Fluid intake should be restricted according to available data, typically 2-3 hours before induction.

Morbidity and Mortality

Morbidity refers to unplanned, unwanted, undesirable outcomes or complications.
Mortality refers to death.

Effective Preoperative Evaluation

Effective preoperative evaluation is based on both thorough medical history and physical examination.
A thorough medical history assists in planning anesthetic management and identifying potential complications.

Preoperative Testing

The primary purpose of preoperative testing is to identify potential complications and optimize anesthetic management.

ASA Classification

The ASA classification tool helps to determine the patient's physical status and predict potential anesthetic risks.
ASA classification II indicates a patient with mild systemic disease and no functional limitations.

Consultation and Responsibility

The main goal of a consultation in the context of anesthesia evaluation is to assess the patient's fitness for anesthesia.
The anesthesiologist is responsible for 'clearing' a patient for anesthesia.

Preoperative Assessment

The primary purpose of a preoperative assessment is to identify potential complications and optimize anesthetic management.
The recommended timing for a preoperative evaluation is typically 1-2 days before surgery.

Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination is absolutely required on every patient during anesthesia evaluation.
Vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, must be evaluated during the physical examination.

Antihypertensive Medications

In general, antihypertensive medications should be continued prior to surgery.

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Description

Enhance your understanding of effective preoperative evaluation, including history, physical examination, medications, drug allergies, anesthetic reactions, ASA risk assessment, fluid intake, testing, premedication, and patient comorbidities.