MS CH 12 Nursing Care of Patients Having Surgery

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the use of instruments during an operation to treat injuries, diseases, and deformities?

  • Anesthesia
  • Hematoma
  • Surgery (correct)
  • Adjunct

What is the term for the separation of the layers of a surgical incision?

  • Atelectasis
  • Hypothermia
  • Dehiscence (correct)
  • Evisceration

Which term refers to the abnormal accumulation of blood within tissues or a body cavity?

  • Induction
  • Serosanguineous
  • Purulent
  • Hematoma (correct)

What is the term for the process of removing foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound?

<p>Débridement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is considered less damaging to tissues than traditional open incision surgery?

<p>Laparoscopic surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure uses a laser instead of a scalpel to cut tissue?

<p>Laser surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure involves the use of robots and mimics the movements of the surgeon's hands?

<p>Robotic surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exploratory laparotomy?

<p>To obtain tissue samples (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk for older adults during surgery?

<p>Decreased physiological reserve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should nursing interventions focus on before, during, and after surgery for older adults?

<p>Managing pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done postoperatively to reduce respiratory complications in older adults?

<p>Encouraging deep breathing and coughing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Unilateral swelling of the leg and calf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of surgery begins with transfer to the operating room and ends with admission to the perianesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>Intraoperative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fear that surgical patients may experience related to anesthesia?

<p>Fear of not waking up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Assisting in data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can influence surgical outcomes for older patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is done to detect pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities before surgery?

<p>Chest x-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery?

<p>To detect pH and oxygenation abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to identify blood type for possible transfusion during surgery?

<p>Type and cross-match (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a urine pregnancy test before surgery?

<p>To detect early, unknown pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should be taken to minimize delirium in older adults?

<p>Monitor level of consciousness routinely (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended fasting time frames before anesthesia according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ guidelines?

<p>2 hours for clear liquids, 6 hours for a light meal, 8 hours for a meal containing meat or fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients be encouraged to avoid smoking before surgery?

<p>Smoking increases the action of the lungs’ defense mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can long-term alcohol use cause in surgical patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of atelectasis?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deep breathing exercises in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To expand and ventilate the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should a patient repeat deep breathing exercises postoperatively?

<p>Every hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can benefit from incentive spirometry?

<p>Only the older adult (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the spirometer be kept for easy access by the patient?

<p>At the bedside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to detect kidney problems before surgery?

<p>Blood urea nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fasting before surgery?

<p>To reduce the risks of pulmonary aspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a urine pregnancy test before surgery?

<p>To prevent fetal exposure to anesthetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to detect abnormalities in the urine before surgery?

<p>Urinalysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key responsibility of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Developing a plan of care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a common fear experienced by surgical patients related to anesthesia?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication that can occur in older patients after surgery?

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that can influence surgical outcomes for older patients?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of surgery is less damaging to tissues than traditional open incision surgery?

<p>Endoscopic surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of robotic surgery?

<p>To mimic the movements of the surgeon's hands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exploratory laparotomy?

<p>To obtain tissue samples for diagnosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of surgery begins with transfer to the operating room and ends with admission to the perianesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>Intraoperative phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining informed patient consent before surgery?

<p>To ensure the patient is fully aware of the risks and benefits of the procedure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preventive surgery?

<p>To remove tissue before it causes a problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the separation of the layers of a surgical incision?

<p>Dehiscence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended fasting time frames before anesthesia according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ guidelines?

<p>8 hours for clear liquids, 12 hours for solid foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery?

<p>To assess the patient's respiratory function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of blood within tissues or a body cavity?

<p>Hematoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure uses a laser instead of a scalpel to cut tissue?

<p>Laser surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Swelling and pain in the affected leg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk for older adults during surgery?

<p>Increased risk for complications due to age-related loss of blood vessel elasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done postoperatively to reduce respiratory complications in older adults?

<p>Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Unilateral swelling of the leg and calf or groin pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the purpose of deep breathing exercises in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume and alveoli expansion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of deep breathing exercises postoperatively?

<p>Every 2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the incentive spirometer be kept for easy access by the patient?

<p>On the bedside table (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can benefit from incentive spirometry?

<p>All patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume and alveoli expansion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sitting upright at a minimum of 45° during deep breathing exercises?

<p>To increase lung capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of dehiscence?

<p>Evisceration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of débridement during surgery?

<p>To remove necrotic tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LPN/LVN role in obtaining informed patient consent for surgery?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of surgery begins with admission to the perianesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>Postoperative phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is required for tissue growth, skin integrity, and cell-mediated immunity?

<p>Zinc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fasting time before anesthesia for a meal containing meat or fat?

<p>8 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining a urine pregnancy test before surgery?

<p>To ensure the patient is not pregnant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Conducting preadmission interviews (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Assist in data collection for developing the patient's plan of care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential fear that surgical patients may experience related to anesthesia?

<p>Fear of not waking up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk for older adults during surgery?

<p>Previous health status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of listening to music before surgery according to the evidence?

<p>To reduce anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is considered less damaging to tissues than traditional open incision surgery?

<p>Endoscopic surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of robotic surgery?

<p>To mimic the movements of the surgeon's hands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of removing foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from a wound?

<p>Debridement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deep breathing exercises in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To improve lung function and prevent lung collapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a urine or serum pregnancy test before surgery?

<p>To prevent fetal exposure to anesthetics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery?

<p>To detect pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To improve lung function and prevent lung complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>To assist with preoperative teaching and preparation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of surgery in older adults?

<p>Decreased blood vessel elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done postoperatively to reduce respiratory complications in older adults?

<p>Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk for older adults during surgery?

<p>Hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Unilateral swelling of the leg and calf or groin pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the purpose of deep breathing exercises in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To expand and ventilate the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume, alveoli expansion, and venous return (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can benefit from incentive spirometry?

<p>All patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk for older adults during surgery?

<p>Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Abnormal accumulation of blood within tissues or a body cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of deep breathing exercises postoperatively?

<p>Hourly while awake, in sets of five, for 24 to 48 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to detect potassium, sodium, and chloride imbalances before surgery?

<p>Electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining a fasting blood glucose test before surgery?

<p>To detect abnormalities in blood sugar levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of obtaining a chest x-ray before surgery?

<p>To detect pulmonary and cardiac abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining a urine pregnancy test before surgery?

<p>To detect early, unknown pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fasting time before anesthesia for a patient who had a light meal containing meat or fat?

<p>8 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is required for tissue growth, skin integrity, and cell-mediated immunity?

<p>Zinc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preoperative fasting time?

<p>To minimize bowel contents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Conducting a health history interview (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of surgery begins with admission to the perianesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>Postoperative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential fear that surgical patients may experience related to anesthesia?

<p>Fear of not waking up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Assisting in data collection for developing the patient's plan of care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery?

<p>To assess the patient's respiratory function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is considered less damaging to tissues than traditional open incision surgery?

<p>Laparoscopic surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of robotic surgery?

<p>To reduce the invasiveness of surgical procedures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) in the preoperative phase of surgery?

<p>Assisting with obtaining informed patient consent for surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of surgery begins with transfer to the operating room and ends with admission to the perianesthesia care unit (PACU)?

<p>Intraoperative phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of surgery in older adults?

<p>Hemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery?

<p>To evaluate respiratory function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in older adults after surgery?

<p>Unilateral swelling of the leg and calf (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To promote deep breathing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of evisceration?

<p>Hematoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LPN/LVN role in the perioperative phase of surgery?

<p>Obtaining informed patient consent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the LPN/LVN role in obtaining informed patient consent?

<p>Witnessing the patient's signature on the consent form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of debridement in wound care?

<p>To remove foreign material and dead or damaged tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the purpose of deep breathing exercises in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume and alveoli expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of incentive spirometry in preventing atelectasis?

<p>To increase lung volume, alveoli expansion, and venous return (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can benefit from incentive spirometry?

<p>All patients, especially older adults and those at increased risk for lung complications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the incentive spirometer be kept for easy access by the patient?

<p>At the patient's bedside for hourly use while awake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of deep breathing exercises postoperatively?

<p>Hourly while awake, in sets of five, for 24 to 48 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can long-term alcohol use cause in surgical patients?

<p>Increased risk of respiratory complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deep breathing helps prevent the development of atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atelectasis is caused by hyperinflation of the lungs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The patient is taught to inhale fully through the mouth.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incentive spirometry can prevent atelectasis by increasing lung volume.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The older adult population is not at increased risk for lung complications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spirometer should be kept on the window sill for easy access.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Patients should be encouraged to sit upright at a minimum of 45° during deep breathing exercises.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two normal breaths should be taken before using the spirometer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of incentive spirometry is to prevent pneumonia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deep breathing exercises should be repeated every 2 hours postoperatively.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Deep breathing helps prevent the development of atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Atelectasis is caused by hypoventilation or mucous obstruction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Incentive spirometry can be used to prevent atelectasis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Incentive spirometry increases lung volume and alveoli expansion.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: All patients can benefit from incentive spirometry.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The spirometer should be kept on the window sill for easy access.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Deep breathing exercises should be repeated every 2 hours postoperatively.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The older adult population is not at increased risk for lung complications.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Obtaining baseline levels of arterial blood gases before surgery is important.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Inhaling until the target on the spirometer is reached is recommended.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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