Prenatal Diagnostic Tests - Chapter 15
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Prenatal Diagnostic Tests - Chapter 15

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Questions and Answers

Which prenatal test is primarily used to assess blood flow and is indicated in cases of hypertension?

  • Amniocentesis
  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening
  • Doppler ultrasound blood flow assessment (correct)
  • Nonstress test (NST)
  • What information can an ultrasound NOT definitively provide during pregnancy?

  • Fetal abnormalities
  • Presence and location of pregnancy
  • Gestational age
  • Fetal sex (correct)
  • Which of the following prenatal tests is associated with the highest risk due to invasiveness?

  • Maternal assessment of fetal movement
  • Amniocentesis
  • Chorionic villus sampling (correct)
  • Nonstress test (NST)
  • What is the purpose of performing a multiple marker screening during pregnancy?

    <p>To identify abnormalities and assess risk of conditions like Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prenatal assessment method primarily focuses on fetal movement patterns?

    <p>Modified biophysical profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured using the systolic to diastolic ratio in a Doppler ultrasound?

    <p>Fetal blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing can help confirm the viability of a pregnancy?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of antepartum fetal surveillance?

    <p>Monitoring fetal well-being and detecting potential issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Alpha-Fetoprotein screening?

    <p>To identify open body wall defects and chromosomal anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age is Alpha-Fetoprotein screening ideally performed?

    <p>16 to 18 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following markers is NOT included in Multiple Marker Screening?

    <p>Placental growth factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) compared to amniocentesis?

    <p>CVS can be performed earlier in gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing amniocentesis in the third trimester?

    <p>To determine fetal lung maturity or hemolytic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS) help to detect?

    <p>Fetal genetic diseases and blood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive result in Multiple Marker Screening typically lead to?

    <p>Recommendation for amniocentesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sampling methods can Chorionic Villus Sampling use?

    <p>Transcervical or transabdominal sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reactive fetal heart rate indicate?

    <p>Normal neural pathway development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Nonstress Test (NST)?

    <p>To monitor fetal heart rate accelerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT included in the Biophysical Profile (BPP)?

    <p>Fetal length and gestational age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is fetal heart reactivity expected to develop?

    <p>By 32 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of fetal movements the mother should count in 1 to 2 hours?

    <p>10 movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Oxytocin Challenge Test (CST) assess?

    <p>Fetal health during contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vibroacoustic stimulation evaluate?

    <p>Fetal heart rate variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abnormal result in a Nonstress Test indicate?

    <p>Potential fetal distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Assessment Prior to Diagnostic Testing

    • Evaluate gravida, para, number of living children, and gestational age.
    • Review maternal health and current obstetric issues.
    • Investigate past obstetric complications.
    • Assess history of substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco).
    • Ensure patient understands the purpose of the test.
    • Discuss additional testing surveillance regimen.
    • Gauge patient's emotional response to testing.
    • Understand expectations from the patient and their partner.

    Types of Prenatal Diagnostic Tests

    • Ultrasound: identifies fetal conditions, gestational age, and potential abnormalities.
    • Doppler ultrasound: assesses blood flow; useful in high-risk pregnancies.
    • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening: detects neural tube defects; performed ideally at 16-18 weeks.
    • Multiple marker screening: includes additional markers (hCG, estriol) for detecting chromosomal issues.
    • Chorionic villus sampling (CVS): early detection of chromosomal defects; performed at 10-13 weeks.
    • Amniocentesis: fluid aspiration for chromosomal/metabolic analysis; done between 15-20 weeks and in the third trimester.
    • Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS): detects fetal blood disorders; involves drawing blood from the umbilical cord.
    • Antepartum fetal surveillance: includes various tests like Nonstress Test (NST), vibroacoustic stimulation test, Contraction Stress Test (CST), Biophysical Profile (BPP).

    Ultrasound Diagnostic

    • Determines location, viability, and fetal abnormalities.
    • May not always reveal fetal gender.

    Doppler Ultrasound

    • Utilizes Doppler shift for blood flow measurement.
    • Important for pregnancies with hypertension or fetal growth issues.
    • Measures systolic to diastolic ratios to assess fetal health.

    Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening

    • Blood serum test for neural tube defects and chromosomal anomalies.
    • Performed on maternal serum or amniotic fluid between 16-18 weeks.

    Multiple Marker Screening

    • Enhances detection rates of trisomy 18 and 21.
    • Positive results lead to amniocentesis for further analysis.

    Chorionic Villus Sampling

    • Transcervical or transabdominal method for early chromosomal testing.
    • Conducted between 10-13 weeks, offering quicker results compared to amniocentesis.

    Amniocentesis

    • Second trimester: performed between 15-20 weeks for chromosomal abnormalities.
    • Third trimester: assesses fetal lung maturity and hemolytic disease.

    Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling

    • Also referred to as cordocentesis.
    • Aspiration of fetal blood for diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders or infections.

    Antepartum Fetal Surveillance

    • Nonstress Test (NST): evaluates fetal heart rate accelerations; reactivity indicates good fetal oxygenation.
    • Contraction Stress Test (CST): assesses fetal heart response to stress, contraindicated if contractions are risky.

    Biophysical Profile (BPP)

    • Evaluates multiple parameters: NST, fetal breathing movements, gross movements, tone, and amniotic fluid volume.
    • Amniotic fluid index (AFI) quantifies fluid amount via ultrasound.

    Maternal Assessment of Fetal Movement

    • Mothers assess fetal movements, termed "kick counts."
    • Recommended to count at least 10 movements within 1-2 hours or 5-10 movements per hour for monitoring fetal health.

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    Description

    Explore the essential concepts related to prenatal diagnostic tests in Chapter 15. This quiz covers patient assessments, maternal health considerations, and the importance of understanding diagnostic testing. Test your knowledge on key factors affecting obstetric care.

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