Prenatal Development

• Prenatal translates to before birth
• Humans receive 23 pairs of chromosomes from their parents.
• Intense food aversions is NOT a signs and symptoms of pregnancy
• Not all prescription and over-the-counter drugs are safe to take during pregnancy and allergies can be passed from parents to offspring
• Dizygotic twins are conceived by the union of two different ova with two different sperm cells and are also called fraternal twins.
• The embryonic germ layers, in order, are Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.
• In the fetal stage the baby's organs are fully formed, reflexes are developing, and movements are noticeable
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FASD) is a concern when a pregnant individual consumes alcohol, as it can affect the baby's facial development and cognitive function.
• The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes
• An individual who developed Spina Bifida can live up to 40 years, w/ renal failure as the most cause of death.
• Males are at greater risk for sex-linked disorders due to a recessive gene because they have only one X chromosome.
• The neural tube is at highest risk during the first trimester of pregnancy when a pregnant individual experiences a high fever.
• Cesarean section is a procedure in which the baby will be delivered through a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus because the baby is in breech position
• Rooting Reflex is when babies head turns, mouth opens, and sucking movements begin, and the Babinski Reflex is can babies make steplike coordinated motions; A is TRUE B is FALSE
• Cephalocaudal and proximodistal development is a typical pattern of physical development in infants.
• A difficult child has intense reactions to new situations, irregular eating and sleeping habits, and gets frustrated easily when routines change.
• In infancy is not the shortest of all life stages, but a toddler is a young child who is beginning to walk; A is FALSE B is TRUE
• During a parenting class, the instructor is most likely referring to synaptogenesis when talking about a baby's brain that is rapidly forming new neural connections.
• Infants have strong hearing abilities early on, while vision develops more gradually.
• The frontal lobe is most likely involved when a 7-year-old begins to struggle with planning her day and controlling her emotions.
• Baby Zoe appears to be primarily demonstrating emotional, language, and motor development in this stage of babyhood
• Object permanence is a cognitive milestone where the baby knows the hidden object still exists.

Cognitive Processes

• Accommodation is a cognitive process where Mia adjusts her grasp to the stuffed to fit it better
• The babbling stage is the stage where baby Emma has started babbling repetitive sounds and recognizing her name.
• Social smiling is a basic emotional development milestone where baby Ava smiles and coos whenever she sees her mother's face.
• Parallel play is when children play beside another child, both playing with building blocks, but they do not interact or share materials.
• Babyhood is the beginning of sex-role typing, and babyhood is not an appealing age, so A is FALSE, and B is TRUE.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is identified when the death of a healthy infant occurs suddenly and unexpectedly, and medical and forensic investigation findings (including an autopsy) are inconclusive
• Hazards to development, hearing loss, and complications during childbirth may cause speech and language problems.
• Malnutrition is doesn't lead to to baby's death, but childhood is the foundation of obesity, so A is FALSE, and B is TRUE.