67 Questions
During which process do cells divide into two parts to reproduce themselves?
Mitosis
What is the term used for the process in which cells divide by meiosis to form gametes?
Gametogenesis
Which term refers to the reduction of the number of chromosomes by half during cell division?
Gametogenesis
When does fertilization usually occur during the menstrual cycle?
Day 14
Which structure becomes the placenta and structures needed for fetal development?
Chorion
What signal does Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) provide to the corpus luteum?
Continues producing progesterone temporarily
How long does it take for the blastocyst to implant into the endometrium after fertilization?
5-6 days
What is the purpose of the hormone progesterone during pregnancy?
Reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion
At what stage of fetal development do the chorionic villi form according to the text?
4 weeks
Which hormone breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the growing baby?
Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)
What is the function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in early pregnancy?
Keeps the corpus luteum producing progesterone
When can an abdominal ultrasound visualize the fetal heartbeat according to the text?
7-8 weeks
What is the purpose of the Nagaele's rule in pregnancy?
To calculate expected date of delivery
Which sign of pregnancy is considered a probable sign according to CHOP BUGS mnemonic?
Ballottment – sinking and rebound of fetus
What is one function of estrogen during pregnancy as mentioned in the text?
Increases skin pigmentation
What is the purpose of Nuchal Translucency Test (NT) in prenatal care?
To measure the fluid behind the fetus's neck by ultrasound
What does Low Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels indicate during prenatal care?
Down Syndrome
Which prenatal test is performed to determine the gender of the baby and detect chromosome problems like Down syndrome?
Amniocentesis
What is the purpose of the Triple Marker Screen blood test in prenatal care?
To screen for genetic disorders in the fetus
During which trimester is Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) typically performed in prenatal care?
First trimester
What is tested for using Cordocentesis, also known as Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling, in prenatal care?
Chromosome studies
When is Glucose Tolerance Testing typically conducted during prenatal care?
24-28 weeks
What is ptyalism related to during pregnancy?
Increase in salivation
Why is it advised to avoid baths in the last trimester when home alone?
Increased risk of fainting
What is the main purpose of a supportive bra during pregnancy?
To reduce back pain
What potential issue may arise from nipple stimulation in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?
Uterine contractions
What is the recommended sleep position during the third trimester of pregnancy?
Side-lying position
Why is the balance between energy sources and expenditure important during pregnancy?
To ensure proper fetal development
What is the average total additional calorie requirement per day during pregnancy?
~2,500-3,500 calories
How does daily exercise benefit pregnant women?
Improves circulation and digestion
Why is it important to avoid penetration during sexual relations in pregnancy?
Potential infection risk
Why is it important to avoid baths in the last trimester when home alone?
To prevent falls due to increased oil and sweat gland activity
What is the purpose of daily exercise during pregnancy?
To promote better sleep and posture
What can nipple stimulation in the 3rd trimester cause?
Uterine contractions
What is a risk associated with sexual relations during pregnancy?
Possible infection
Why is it recommended to avoid penetration during sexual relations in pregnancy?
To avoid risk of infection and uterine contractions
What does Ptyalism refer to during pregnancy?
Increased salivation
How does weight gain, stability, and activity relate to energy balance during pregnancy?
Energy balance involves finding equilibrium between diet and energy expenditure
"Supine hypotension syndrome" during pregnancy is primarily caused by:
"Aortocaval compression"
"Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)" is typically performed in which trimester of prenatal care?
"1st trimester"
"TORCH PANEL" is associated with causing sores that affect which body parts?
"Skin, eyes, mouth, brain"
What is the role of Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) during pregnancy?
Breaking down fats from the mother for fetal fuel
At what stage of fetal development do arms and legs appear as bud-like structures?
End of 4 weeks
What hormone inhibits FSH production during pregnancy and serves as a marker for various conditions like Down's syndrome?
Inhibin A
What is the primary function of Progesterone during early pregnancy?
Preventing spontaneous abortion
What is the significance of Nagaele's Rule in pregnancy?
Calculating due date by adding one year to LMP
What effect does Estrogen have on skin pigmentation during pregnancy?
Increases skin pigmentation
Which hormone stimulates the development of breast ducts for lactation?
Estrogen
What is one critical function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) during early pregnancy?
Maintaining progesterone production by the corpus luteum
'Funic soufflé' in fetal circulation refers to what specific action?
'Fetal heart contracting'
What is the purpose of the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (PPD) or Quantiferon in prenatal care?
To screen for tuberculosis
What does a Low Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein (MSAFP) level indicate during prenatal care?
Presence of Down Syndrome
What is the main function of the Triple Marker Screen blood test in prenatal care?
Detect chromosome problems like Down syndrome
Why is RhOGAM given at 28 weeks of pregnancy even if the Rh antibody test remains negative?
To prevent Rh incompatibility issues in future pregnancies
What is the purpose of Cordocentesis, also known as Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling, in prenatal care?
Tests for chromosome problems
What medical condition can be detected using the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (PPD) or Quantiferon during prenatal care?
Tuberculosis infection
What does a high maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) level suggest during prenatal care?
Presence of neural tube defects
What is the significance of maternal RSV vaccination or infant immunization with nirsevimab during pregnancy?
Reduce respiratory tract infections in infants
What does a Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) test typically aim to diagnose in prenatal care?
Fetal abnormalities including Down syndrome
What issue can arise from maternal infection with Varicella-zoster virus during pregnancy as mentioned in the text?
Congenital varicella syndrome
Which process results in the formation of trillions of cells from a single fertilized egg?
Mitosis
What is the term used to describe the process where cells divide by meiosis to form gametes?
Gametogenesis
During which phase of human development do the 3 germ layers form, namely Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm?
Fetal period
What happens to the number of chromosomes during cell division by meiosis?
Halves
Which structure becomes the placenta and structures needed for fetal development?
Trophoblast
What is the term used to describe the inner layer surrounding the embryo that secretes fluid forming amniotic fluid?
Amnion
Which process results in a rapid division of cells as 2-4-8-16-32 cells form a morula in approximately 3 days?
Cleavage
Study Notes
- Mitosis is a process where cells divide to create two identical daughter cells, each with 46 duplicated chromosomes. This process is essential for growth, repair of wounds, and tumor formation.
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and ova) with half the number of chromosomes (23) necessary for sexual reproduction.
- Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube around day 14 of the menstrual cycle, resulting in the formation of a zygote with 46 chromosomes.
- Implantation is when the blastocyst embeds into the endometrium, leading to the development of structures like the placenta and amnion important for fetal growth and oxygen supply.
- During pregnancy, placental hormones like progesterone, estrogen, HCG, HPL, and inhibin A play crucial roles in maintaining the pregnancy, facilitating fetal development, and preparing the mother's body for childbirth.
- Fetal circulation involves the transfer of oxygen and nutrients between the mother and fetus through the placenta and umbilical cord.
- Signs of pregnancy can be presumptive (e.g., missed period, nausea) or probable (e.g., positive pregnancy test, uterine enlargement), with positive signs confirmed by visualization of the fetus, fetal heartbeat, or movement.
- Prenatal care includes various tests and screenings such as genetic background checks, nuchal translucency tests, maternal serum screenings, and procedures like chorionic villus sampling to monitor the health of both the mother and fetus.
This quiz covers the recognition and treatment of physical, mental, social, and economic issues during prenatal care. It also includes information on laboratory tests such as blood typing, complete blood count, urine testing, genetic background assessment, and more.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
