62 Questions
During which process do cells divide into two parts to reproduce themselves?
Mitosis
Which cells result from the process of Meiosis?
Ovum
What is the result of the union of an ovum and a sperm cell?
Zygote
Which cell layer becomes the placenta and structures needed for fetal development?
Chorion
What hormone does the Blastocyst secrete during implantation to signal the corpus luteum?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
During what period from conception to birth does pregnancy occur?
Gestational period
What critical phase of human development occurs within the first 4 weeks after implantation?
Embryonic period
What is the purpose of the Quad marker screen blood test in prenatal care?
To add inhibin A to the triple marker screen test
Which prenatal test involves removing amniotic fluid with a long needle during the second trimester?
Amniocentesis
What does a high level of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP) indicate during prenatal care?
Neural tube defects
When is a Glucose Tolerance Test typically conducted during prenatal care?
Between 24-28 weeks
What is the purpose of Mantoux tuberculin skin test (PPD) or Quantiferon in prenatal care?
Testing for tuberculosis exposure
What could an increased Nuchal Translucency Test (NT) measurement indicate during prenatal care?
Down’s or congenital abnormalities
Why is it advised to avoid baths in the last trimester if home alone?
To avoid uterine contractions
What is ptyalism?
Increased salivation
Why is it recommended to have a supportive bra during pregnancy?
To support breast changes
What is the average total additional energy (calorie) requirement per day during pregnancy?
2500-3500 calories
What is the purpose of daily exercise and maintaining good posture during pregnancy?
To improve elimination and sleep
Why are sexual relations during pregnancy important according to the text?
To meet sexual needs and touch needs
What are teratogens particularly harmful for during pregnancy?
Causing severe birth defects
What should pregnant women avoid doing in the last trimester to prevent complications?
Avoid nipple stimulation.
Why is it advised to sleep in a side-lying position in the third trimester?
To prevent supine hypotension syndrome.
What hormone maintains the uterine lining for implantation, reduces uterine contractions, and prepares the breasts for lactation?
Progesterone
Which hormone causes decreased insulin sensitivity in the mother, making glucose more readily available for the fetus?
Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)
What is the significance of Inhibin A during pregnancy?
Inhibits FSH production and affects fetal growth
During fetal development, when do blood cells begin to be created after fertilization?
15-16 days after fertilization
Which structure forms around day 22 of fetal development and initiates heartbeat?
Primitive heart tubes
What is the effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) in pregnancy?
Maintains corpus luteum to produce progesterone
Which hormone stimulates the development of breast ducts for lactation and increases blood flow to uterine vessels?
Estrogen
What occurs at the end of 4 weeks of fetal growth?
Blood cells are created for the first time
What is Nagaele's Rule used for in pregnancy?
Calculating expected date of delivery (EDD)
What is a probable sign of pregnancy according to the CHOP BUGS mnemonic?
Breast changes
What is the significance of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?
Returns oxygenated blood to the fetus
What is the role of Human Placental Lactogen (HPL) during pregnancy?
Breaks down fats from the mother to provide fuel for the growing baby
What indicates a likely pregnancy and is discovered by a doctor using the CHOP BUGS mnemonic?
Chadwicks
What is a critical stage of fetal development that occurs at the end of 4 weeks?
Rudimentary eyes, ears, and nose
What is the primary hormone responsible for stimulating uterine growth and increasing blood flow to uterine vessels during pregnancy?
Estrogen
What hormone stimulates fetal testes to secrete testosterone, helping in male organ development?
Progesterone
Which hormone keeps the corpus luteum producing progesterone until the placenta takes over during pregnancy?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
What is the main difference between cell division in meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, while mitosis produces identical diploid cells.
During fertilization, what is the role of the zona pellucida?
Prevents other sperm from penetrating the ovum
What distinguishes the trophoblast layer of the blastocyst?
Develops into the placenta and structures needed for fetal development
What is the significance of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) during pregnancy?
Stimulates progesterone production by the corpus luteum
Which event marks the end of implantation during pregnancy?
Formation of small cavities called Lacunae for maternal blood pooling
What is the primary function of amniotic fluid during fetal development?
Maintains a constant temperature environment for fetal growth
What is a critical aspect of fetal development during the embryonic period?
Differentiation of tissues and organ formation within the first few weeks
What is one of the risks associated with sexual relations during pregnancy according to the text?
Increased risk of urinary tract infections
Why is it recommended to avoid nipple stimulation in the 3rd trimester according to the text?
To prevent premature contractions of the uterus
How does daily exercise during pregnancy contribute to health promotion?
Improves appetite and digestion
What should be avoided in the last trimester to prevent complications according to the text?
Extensive travel
Why is it advised to shampoo hair if the scalp is more oily during pregnancy?
To maintain proper hygiene and cleanliness
What is a potential effect of Ptyalism during pregnancy?
Increased salivation and swallowing difficulties
How does weight gain, stability, and activity interact during pregnancy according to the text?
Activity influences the balance between diet and stored fuel
What should pregnant women avoid doing in order to prevent supine hypotension syndrome according to the text?
Wearing tight clothing around the abdomen
What is a potential consequence of decreased peristalsis during pregnancy according to the text?
Increased risk of heartburn and indigestion
What is the purpose of the Nuchal Translucency Test (NT) during prenatal care?
Measures fluid behind the neck of fetus by ultrasound
What condition can be detected through a high level of maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (MSAFP)?
Neural tube defects
What does the Quad marker screen blood test add to the Triple marker screen test in prenatal care?
Inhibin A
What is the purpose of Cordocentesis, also known as Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling, during prenatal care?
Analyzes fetal blood for various diseases and conditions
What is tested for during Amniocentesis in the second trimester of pregnancy?
Gender of the baby and chromosome problems
Why is Rh antibody testing repeated at 26 to 27 weeks of pregnancy?
To check for Rh sensitization and administer RHOGAM if needed
What is the significance of Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) in prenatal care?
Determines if fetus is at risk for genetic disorders
Study Notes
- Mitosis is a process where cells divide into two parts to reproduce themselves, resulting in two daughter cells that are genetic duplicates of the original cell.
- Human sperm cells and ova reproduce through Meiosis, which reduces the number of chromosomes by half, producing eggs or sperm with 23 chromosomes.
- The union of the ovum and sperm usually occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, resulting in a zygote with 46 chromosomes.
- Fertilization determines the gender of the baby, with the ovum carrying only an X chromosome and the sperm carrying either an X or Y chromosome.
- Implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium typically occurs 5-6 days after fertilization, leading to the development of the placenta and fetal structures.
- The amniotic sac surrounding the embryo secretes fluid to form amniotic fluid, which serves multiple functions including maintaining temperature, cushioning the fetus, and providing a filtration system for waste.
- Prenatal care includes various tests such as blood type and Rh factor, genetic background assessment, Nuchal Translucency Test, maternal serum alpha fetoprotein screening, and chorionic villus sampling to assess the health of the fetus and mother during pregnancy.
This quiz covers the recognition and treatment of physical, mental, and social/economic problems related to prenatal care. Topics include determining estimated due dates (EDD), laboratory tests such as blood type, complete blood count, urine testing, and genetic background assessment.
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