Prenatal and Pediatric Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

At what stage of pregnancy should a woman have her first prenatal visit?

  • During the third trimester
  • After the eighth month
  • As early as possible before four months (correct)
  • During the second trimester

How often should prenatal visits occur after the 8th month of pregnancy?

  • Every two weeks (correct)
  • Every day
  • Every week
  • Once a month

What is a primary reason for a pregnant woman to seek prenatal care?

  • To prepare for childbirth and monitor health (correct)
  • To receive beauty treatments
  • To schedule a cesarean section
  • To avoid exercise during pregnancy

Which trimester should the second prenatal visit be scheduled?

<p>In the second trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for a child with a fever greater than 38.5°C?

<p>Administer Paracetamol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization during pregnancy?

<p>To prevent neonatal tetanus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a pregnant woman ideally seek to receive prenatal care services?

<p>At the earliest possible time during pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates the presence of pneumonia in a child?

<p>Stridor in a calm child (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a child has been coughing for more than 30 days?

<p>Refer for assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of visits during the third trimester?

<p>Every two weeks until delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method to soothe throat and relieve cough in children?

<p>Provide strong cough medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk faced by pregnant women that underscores the need for antenatal registration?

<p>Complications or potential death during pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assessment is crucial for a child presenting with diarrhea?

<p>Blood in the stool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the follow-up recommendation for a child with no signs of pneumonia after 5 days?

<p>Follow up if not improving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature is regarded as a significant fever in children?

<p>38.5°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a severe health concern in a child with cough?

<p>Pneumonia signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for the first post-partum consultation visit?

<p>3-5 days after birth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four pillars of the Philippine Family Planning Program?

<p>Family stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is considered a risk factor for high-risk pregnancies?

<p>Having had 4 or more pregnancies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of family planning programs?

<p>Universal access to family planning information and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is essential for client counseling and assessment in family planning?

<p>Advantages and disadvantages of chosen methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the effectiveness of natural family planning methods?

<p>Refusal to engage in sexual relations during fertile days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a client return to the health facility during family planning counseling?

<p>When experiencing side effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the scheduling of the second post-partum visit is accurate?

<p>It should occur at 6 weeks post-partum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for a patient diagnosed with mastoiditis?

<p>Refer urgently to a specialist (A), Provide paracetamol for pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is appropriate for treating acute ear infections in children aged 12 months up to 5 years?

<p>Amoxicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child presents with pus draining from the ear for less than 14 days, what is the most appropriate first step in management?

<p>Prescribe paracetamol for pain (A), Dry the ear by wicking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific follow-up is advised for a patient with chronic ear infection?

<p>Follow up in 5 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment should be provided if there is no ear pain or pus seen draining from the ear?

<p>No additional treatment required (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a child weighing between 10 kg and 19 kg, what is the correct dosage of amoxicillin syrup for acute ear infection?

<p>10 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked during the assessment of a child presenting with ear issues?

<p>Malnutrition and anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic feature of chronic ear infection?

<p>Persistent ear discharge for longer than 14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate treatment for a child with severe dehydration classified by two or more signs?

<p>Refer to hospital immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be given to a child with some dehydration classified by two signs?

<p>Plan B fluid and food therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does not classify a child as having severe dehydration?

<p>Restlessness or irritability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be administered for a child aged 2 years or older in an area with cholera?

<p>Antibiotics for cholera (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the management of a child with persistent diarrhea and no dehydration?

<p>Give Vitamin A and follow up in 5 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for a child with diarrhea and blood in the stool?

<p>Treat with oral antibiotics for 5 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a child with no dehydration but requires monitoring?

<p>Not enough signs to classify as some or severe dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may indicate a need for urgent referral if present with dysentery?

<p>Blood in the stool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the caregiver advise to do when a child shows symptoms of dehydration?

<p>Keep offering frequent sips of ORS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is NOT typical of a child suffering from severe dehydration?

<p>Child is overly thirsty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What follow-up treatment is recommended after treating a child for dysentery?

<p>Follow up in 2 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the caregiver do if the child appears to be unable to drink?

<p>Provide frequent sips of ORS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential symptom that would classify a child as having some dehydration?

<p>Restless or irritable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a child with diarrhea but not classified with dehydration?

<p>Monitor closely with follow-up in 5 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if a blood smear indicates a positive result for malaria?

<p>Treat the child with an oral antimalarial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of fever, which condition would lead to a likely diagnosis of malaria?

<p>General danger signs and stiff neck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be given to a child suspected of having severely complicated measles?

<p>Tetracycline eye ointment for corneal issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of severe dengue hemorrhagic fever?

<p>Bleeding from the nose or gums (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child presents with a fever of 38.5°C or above and no signs of severe dengue, what is the immediate recommendation?

<p>Give paracetamol in a health center (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would likely indicate a non-malaria-related febrile disease?

<p>Presence of a runny nose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a child with measles shows pus draining from the eye?

<p>Apply tetracycline eye ointment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of a child with dengue, what should be avoided?

<p>Giving aspirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is the strongest indicator to refer a child urgently to the hospital?

<p>Clouding of the cornea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a child's fever persists for more than 7 days?

<p>Refer for assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom does NOT indicate severe febrile disease?

<p>Smear results negative for malaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When treating someone with a suspected fever unrelated to malaria, what is a crucial initial step?

<p>Conduct a blood smear test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome if a child shows deep or extensive mouth ulcers due to measles?

<p>Apply topical treatment like gentian violet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indicator suggests a high risk of severe disease associated with dengue?

<p>Cold clammy extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

1st Prenatal Visit

The first visit to a healthcare provider during pregnancy should happen as early as possible, ideally before four months or during the first trimester.

2nd Prenatal Visit

The second prenatal visit occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy.

3rd Prenatal Visit

The third prenatal visit takes place during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Increased Prenatal Check-ups

After the 8th month of pregnancy, until delivery, a pregnant woman should have prenatal check-ups every two weeks.

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Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization is a crucial vaccine to protect newborns from Neonatal Tetanus, a serious health risk.

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Neonatal Tetanus

A serious condition that can affect newborns, potentially causing muscle spasms, breathing difficulties, and even death.

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Prenatal Care

Regular prenatal visits help monitor the health of both the mother and the baby, ensuring proper care and early detection of complications.

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Childbirth

The process of giving birth to a child; a crucial stage in the pregnancy journey.

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When is the first Postpartum visit?

The first postpartum visit should ideally take place within the first week after childbirth, ideally between 3 to 5 days after delivery.

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High Fever in Children

A fever in a child is considered high when it reaches 38.5 degrees Celsius or higher.

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High Fever with Breathing Difficulty

A child with a high fever who is exhibiting difficulty breathing, chest indrawing, or stridor should be considered a medical emergency.

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When is the second Postpartum visit?

The second postpartum visit typically occurs six weeks after childbirth.

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What's the goal of Family Planning?

Family planning aims to reduce the occurrence of infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal deaths by promoting informed choices and access to family planning services.

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Persistent Coughing

If a child has been coughing for more than 30 days, they need to have their condition assessed by a medical professional. It might indicate a serious underlying issue.

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Assessing Diarrhea in Children

When evaluating diarrhea in a child, it's important to consider how long the diarrhea has been present, whether there's blood in the stool indicating dysentery, and if signs of dehydration are present.

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What are the four pillars of the PFFP?

The four pillars of the Philippine Family Planning Program (PFFP) are responsible parenthood, respect for life, birth spacing, and informed choice.

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What is Natural Family Planning?

Family planning methods that rely on natural cycles and do not involve any artificial means or chemicals. They require couples to abstain from intercourse on fertile days.

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Dehydration from Diarrhea

Dehydration is a serious condition that can arise from diarrhea. It's crucial to spot the warning signs and seek medical help if needed.

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What is important in Client Counseling?

Client counseling plays a crucial role in informing individuals about a chosen family planning method. It covers effectiveness, advantages, disadvantages, side effects, complications, use instructions, prevention of sexually transmitted infections, and follow-up care.

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Treating Pneumonia with Antibiotics

When a child is diagnosed with pneumonia, a 5-day course of antibiotics is typically prescribed.

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What are the key conditions that lead to high-risk pregnancies?

Family planning aims to address high-risk pregnancies, which can occur due to factors such as young or older age, excessive number of pregnancies, closely spaced pregnancies, and health conditions.

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Soothing a Cough

A safe remedy can help soothe the throat and relieve coughing in a child.

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What is the significance of the PFFP?

The PFFP focuses on empowering individuals to make informed choices about family planning, which is essential for reducing infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal deaths.

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Cough or Cold without Pneumonia

If a child has a cough or cold that doesn't show signs of pneumonia, it's advisable to monitor their condition and follow up with a doctor if needed.

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Acute Ear Infection

An infection of the middle ear in children that lasts less than 14 days, characterized by ear pain and pus draining from the ear.

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Chronic Ear Infection

An infection of the middle ear in children that lasts longer than 14 days, with pus draining from the ear.

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Mastoiditis

A serious infection of the mastoid bone, located behind the ear, characterized by tender swelling behind the ear.

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Cotrimoxazole

A common antibiotic given for pneumonia, acute ear infection, or very severe illness in children.

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Amoxicillin

Another common antibiotic given for pneumonia, acute ear infection, or very severe illness in children.

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Cotrimoxazole Dosage (2 months - 12 months)

The dosage of Cotrimoxazole for children aged 2 months to 12 months (4-9 kg).

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Cotrimoxazole Dosage (12 months - 5 years)

The dosage of Cotrimoxazole for children aged 12 months to 5 years (10-19 kg).

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Amoxicillin Dosage (2 months - 12 months)

The dosage of Amoxicillin for children aged 2 months to 12 months (4-9 kg).

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Dysentery

Diarrhea with blood in the stool.

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Severe Dehydration

This means the child is showing two or more signs of severe dehydration including: being abnormally sleepy, having sunken eyes, not able to drink, and skin pinch going back very slowly.

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Some Dehydration

This means the child is showing two or more signs of some dehydration including: restlessness, irritability, sunken eyes, drinking eagerly, and skin pinch going back slowly.

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No Dehydration

When a child has dysentery, but doesn't show any signs of dehydration.

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Dehydration with Dysentery

This is when a child has dysentery and also shows signs of dehydration, including either severe or some dehydration.

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Persistent Diarrhea with Dysentery

When a child has dysentery and the diarrhea continues for more than 5 days.

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Refer Urgently to Hospital

This means the child needs to be sent to the hospital urgently. The mother should give the child frequent sips of ORS on the way to the hospital.

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Give Frequent Sips of ORS

Give the child frequent sips of oral rehydration solution (ORS) to help them rehydrate.

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Give Fluids and Food

Give the child fluids and food to help them rehydrate and get better.

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Home Care

The child can stay at home and the mother can treat the diarrhea at home with fluids and food.

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Treat Dehydration Before Referral

Treating a child's dehydration before sending them to the hospital, unless they have another severe classification.

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Give Vitamin A

Give vitamin A to the child.

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Advise Mother on Feeding

Provide advice to the mother on how to feed a child who has persistent diarrhea.

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Treat with Oral Antibiotic

Treat the child for 5 days with an oral antibiotic that's recommended for Shigella in your area.

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Follow Up in 5 Days

Follow up with the child 5 days later to check on their progress.

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Febrile Disease - Malaria Unlikely

A child's illness characterized by high fever and general danger signs, but without specific blood smear findings, runny nose, measles, or other clear causes for fever. This condition requires urgent medical attention.

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Malaria - Confirmed

A child is suffering from a high fever (38.5oC or above) and the blood smear test shows a positive result for malaria.

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Fever - Malaria Unlikely

A child has a high fever (38.5oC or above) but the blood smear for malaria is negative. They may have a runny nose, measles, or other causes of fever.

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Very Severe Febrile Disease

A child's illness is characterized by a high fever, general danger signs (stiff neck) or other symptoms like stiff neck. The condition requires urgent medical attention.

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Severe Complicated Measles

The child is suffering from severe measles complications, including clouding of the cornea, pus draining from the eye, or extensive mouth ulcers. Immediate hospitalization is required.

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Measles - Eye or Mouth Complications

A child presents with measles symptoms like pus draining from the eye or mouth ulcers. They need treatment with Vitamin A and antibiotic (if applicable), and gentle care with gentian violet for mouth ulcers.

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Measles - Recent History

The child has measles, either currently or within the past three months, and needs treatment with Vitamin A.

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Severe Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

A child is experiencing severe dengue hemorrhagic fever, indicated by bleeding from the nose or gums, bleeding in stools or vomitus, black stools or vomitus, skin petechiae, cold clammy extremities, capillary refill time greater than 3 seconds, abdominal pain, vomiting, or a positive tourniquet test. Urgent hospitalization is required.

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Fever - Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever - Unlikely

A child has fever and suspected dengue hemorrhagic fever but does not show severe signs like bleeding, skin changes, or slow capillary refill. Treatment includes paracetamol, regular monitoring, and guidance for the mother to return immediately if symptoms worsen.

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Malaria Risk - Immediate Quinine Treatment

A child is diagnosed with malaria and requires immediate treatment with quinine under medical supervision or if hospital access is within 4 hours.

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Malaria Risk - Urgent Medical Care

A child is diagnosed with malaria requires an appropriate antibiotic, as well as treatment to prevent low blood sugar and paracetamol for high fever (38.5oC or above). Urgent referral to a hospital is recommended.

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Severe Dengue - Urgent Care

A child is diagnosed with dengue and shows bleeding signs. Treatment includes addressing low blood sugar, preventing dehydration, and avoiding aspirin. Urgent referral to the hospital is vital.

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Dengue Fever - Monitoring

A child with dengue is experiencing fever, but no signs of severe dengue hemorrhage. Treatment includes paracetamol for fever, monitoring, and immediate return if bleeding signs develop.

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Malaria - Oral Treatment

A child with a confirmed malaria diagnosis needs treatment with an oral antimalarial medication. They should also receive paracetamol for high fever (38.5oC or above), advice on when to return immediately, follow-up in two days if fever persists, and referral for assessment if fever persists for more than seven days.

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Febrile Disease - Urgent Referral

A child exhibiting signs of severe febrile disease, such as general danger signs or stiff neck, needs urgent medical attention.

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Study Notes

Maternal Health Program

  • Pregnancy risks a woman's life. Prenatal care is essential for preparation for childbirth
  • Women need to visit a health facility for antenatal registration.
  • Standard prenatal visits are required during pregnancy.
  • First visit: As early as possible before 4 months of pregnancy, or during the first trimester
  • Second trimester visit: During the second trimester
  • Third trimester visit: During the third trimester, every 2 weeks, after 8th month till delivery

Neonatal Tetanus

  • Neonatal tetanus is a significant public health concern for newborns.
  • To protect infants, tetanus toxoid immunization is essential for pregnant and childbearing women.
  • Both the mother and child are protected.

Vaccine Schedule

  • TT1, TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5: Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine doses
  • Minimum Age: Varies by dose (as early as possible, 4 weeks later, 6 months later, 1 year later, 1 year later)
  • Protection Duration: Varies by dose (none, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, lifetime).
  • Infants born to vaccinated mothers are protected from neonatal tetanus.
  • Protection for mothers varies (3 years, 5 years, 10 years, lifetime).

Post-Partum Visits

  • Schedule recommended for returning for consultation:
  • First visit: 1st week post-partum (preferably 3-5 days)
  • Second visit: 6 weeks post-partum

Family Planning Program

  • Aims to prevent high-risk pregnancies due to factors like age, numerous pregnancies and existing illnesses
  • Four pillars of the program: Responsible parenthood, Respect for life, Birth spacing and Informed choice
  • Client counseling includes effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, potential side effects, use instructions and STIs prevention
  • Natural Family Planning involves no chemicals; methods effectiveness depends on couples abstaining from sex during fertile days
  • Methods: Abstinence, Calendar (Rhythm) Method, Basal Body Temperature Method, Cervical Mucus Method, Ovulation Detection, Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM), Coitus Interruptus or Withdrawal
  • Barrier methods work by blocking sperm from reaching the egg
  • Chemical barriers: Spermicidal agents for internal use (gels, creams, sponges); Vaginal suppositories with spermicidal agents
  • Mechanical barriers: Diaphragm, cervical cap, male condoms and female condoms.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) and Contraceptive Pills

  • IUD is a long-term birth control device.
  • Contraceptive pills are hormonal pills preventing pregnancy
  • Types of contraceptive pills available; pills containing hormones for preventing pregnancy, these are available in 28 pills or 21 pills packs
  • Important to avoid taking pills without a doctor's prescription.
  • Birth control pills may affect the menstrual cycle.
  • Breastfeeding mothers should not use contraceptive pills, especially if infant is under 6 months old
  • Injections; these are a long-term hormonal type of birth control.
  • Norplant implants; long-term contraceptive method (6 matchstick-sized plastic capsules)

Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI)

  • IMCI is an integrated approach to child health.
  • Goal: Reduce infant and under-five mortality/disability

Immunizations

  • The goal is to immunize all infants and children against preventable diseases.
  • List of immunizable diseases (Tuberculosis, Diptheria, Pertussis, Measles, Poliomyelitis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B ).

Storage Temperatures for Vaccines

  • Most sensitive vaccines need storage between -15°C and -25°C (in the freezer).

Other Important Information

  • Different dosages for vaccines, according to age and weight.
  • Different dosages and duration for medicines.
  • Follow-up schedule and visits for mothers and children

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Maternal Health Program PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential questions regarding prenatal care visits, immunization, and pediatric assessments. Learn about the timing and frequency of prenatal visits, as well as critical health indicators for children. Test your knowledge on the importance of seeking medical care during pregnancy and for young children.

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