Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern for premature infants in terms of metabolic bone disease?
All of the above
What is the purpose of evaluating the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group?
To develop clinical guideline recommendations
Why is it impossible to meet the new Food and Drug Administration rule with currently available PN products in the United States?
Due to high aluminum content
What is the primary reason for the increased risk of metabolic bone disease in premature infants?
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What is the purpose of the consensus process in developing clinical guideline recommendations?
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What is the significance of the observation made over 30 years ago regarding premature infants?
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Study Notes
Premature Infants and Metabolic Bone Disease
- Premature infants are at increased risk for metabolic bone disease, leading to delayed bone growth, osteopenia, and rickets.
- Maternal risk factors predispose neonates to metabolic bone disease, but the specific factors have not been clearly identified.
Bone Health and Nutrition
- The optimal type of feeding to promote neonatal bone health is still unknown and requires further research.
- Parenteral nutrition (PN) may predispose neonates to metabolic bone disease, but the exact formulation recommendations to minimize this risk are unclear.
Vitamin D Supplements
- Vitamin D supplements are recommended for neonates, but the optimal timing and administration of these supplements are still unclear.
Historical Context
- Observations over 30 years ago showed that premature infants, especially those with very low birth weight, had lower bone mineral content compared to control subjects.
- Currently available PN products in the United States have an aluminum content that makes it impossible to meet the new Food and Drug Administration rule.
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