Prehistoric Ireland Quiz

Questions and Answers

Match the following time periods with the events described:

Bølling-Allerød warming (14,700-12,700 years ago) = Possible land bridge crossing to northern Europe Younger Dryas cold phase (10,900 BC-9700 BC) = Depopulation of Ireland Mesolithic period (around 7900 BC) = Arrival of first inhabitants in Ireland Neolithic period (about 4000 BC) = First signs of agriculture and establishment of a new culture

Match the following structures with their descriptions:

Megalithic tombs = Huge stone monuments, some astronomically aligned Céide Fields = The most extensive Neolithic site in Ireland with the oldest known field systems Circular embanked enclosures and timber, stone and post and pit circles = New types of monuments near the end of the Neolithic period Cists = Small stone structures under earthen mounds used for burial

Match the following materials with the time periods they were produced in Ireland:

Elaborate gold and bronze = Bronze Age (around 2000 BC) Pottery, polished stone tools, rectangular wooden houses, megalithic tombs, domesticated sheep and cattle = Neolithic period (about 4000 BC) Stone monuments and decorated pottery = Megalithic tombs in Leinster and Munster Dolmens, court cairns, passage tombs and wedge-shaped gallery graves = Main types of Irish Megalithic Tombs

Match the following archaeological periods with their approximate time frames in Ireland:

Mesolithic = Around 7000 to 4000 BC Neolithic = About 4000 BC Copper Age = Around 2500 BC Bronze Age = Around 2000 BC Signup and view all the answers

Match the following land features with their descriptions:

Local ice caps = Persisted in parts of Ireland around c. 14,000 BC Ice-free land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland = Existed during the Bølling-Allerød warming but never returned after the Younger Dryas cold phase Separation of Ireland from Britain = Occurred around c. 14,000 BC when the climate was still cold Archaeological site on the north County Mayo coast = Céide Fields, the most extensive Neolithic site in Ireland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cultural periods with their approximate time frames in Ireland:

Celtic Hallstatt culture = About 600 BC La Tène culture = Around 300 BC Classical period = Around late 4th century AD Viking settlement = From the late 8th century AD Signup and view all the answers

Match the following religious and societal changes with their approximate time frames in Ireland:

Introduction of Christianity = End of the 6th century AD Gradual replacement of Celtic polytheism = By the late 4th century AD Introduction of writing and monastic Celtic Christian church = By the end of the 6th century AD Extensive cultural interchange due to Viking settlement = From the late 8th century AD Signup and view all the answers

Match the following technological innovations with their approximate time frames in Ireland:

Receding of the ice after the Younger Dryas cold phase = Around 9700 BC Arrival of the Beaker Culture = Around 2500 BC Innovation in military and transport technology due to Viking settlement = From the late 8th century AD Introduction of new styles and practices by the La Tène culture = Around 300 BC Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events in Irish history with their descriptions:

Scandinavian penetration = Limited and concentrated along coasts and rivers, and ceased to be a major threat to Gaelic culture after the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 Norman invasion in 1169 = Resulted in a partial conquest of the island and marked the beginning of more than 800 years of English political and military involvement in Ireland Tudor conquest of Ireland = Lasted from 1534 to 1603, marked by the policies of surrender and regrant, and later, plantation, involving the arrival of thousands of English and Scottish Protestant settlers Irish Civil War = Opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty led to this conflict, in which Irish Free State forces proved victorious Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical periods in Ireland with their key characteristics:

17th century = Intensified division between a Protestant landholding minority and a dispossessed Catholic majority, and dominance of Ireland by the Protestant Ascendancy 1801 - Acts of Union = Abolishment of the Irish Parliament and Ireland becoming part of a new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The Great Famine (1845) = Resulted in over a million deaths from starvation and disease, and a million refugees fleeing the country, mainly to America Easter Rising (1916) = Succeeded in turning public opinion against the British establishment after the execution of the leaders by British authorities, and eclipsed the home rule movement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events in Irish history with their outcomes:

Irish War of Independence = Led to most of Ireland seceding from the United Kingdom to become the independent Irish Free State Good Friday Agreement (1998) = Led to an uneasy, but largely successful peace after twenty-eight years of violence known as the Troubles Home Rule Act 1914 = Was suspended at the outbreak of World War I, eventually leading to the Easter Rising in 1916 Anglo-Irish Treaty = Created the partition of Ireland, leading to the Irish Civil War Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their corresponding time frames:

Scandinavian trading posts founded Ireland's towns = Before 1014 Norman invasion marked the beginning of English involvement in Ireland = 1169 onwards Gaelic resurgence reestablished cultural preeminence in Ireland = After Norman invasion Tudor conquest of Ireland lasted from = 1534 to 1603 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rebellions with their corresponding leaders:

Silken Thomas rebelled against the new Protestant faith = Earl of Kildare Catholic Emancipation achieved in = 1829 Protestant Ascendancy dominated Ireland after religious wars = After battle of Kinsale Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas rebelled = 1534 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following settlements with their corresponding policies:

English and Scottish Protestant settlers arrived during the Crown's plantation policies = After Tudor conquest Ireland became part of the United Kingdom after = Acts of Union 1800 Irish decentralised political organisation hindered Crown authority assertion = Before 1488 Ireland's integration into the British Empire followed the battle of Kinsale in = 1601 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in the context of Northern Ireland:

Northern Ireland = Part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland Northern Ireland Assembly = Holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters Republic of Ireland = Shares an open border to the south and west with Northern Ireland Belfast Agreement = Outlines cooperation between the government of Northern Ireland and the government of Ireland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following percentages with their corresponding population representation in Northern Ireland and the UK:

3% = Population representation in the UK 27% = Population representation on the island of Ireland 73% = Population representation in the Republic of Ireland 100% = Total population representation in Northern Ireland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their roles in the creation of Northern Ireland:

Government of Ireland Act 1920 = Partitioned Ireland and created a devolved government for the six northeastern counties Unionists = Intended Northern Ireland to have a unionist majority and remain in the United Kingdom Protestant descendants = Generally the majority in Northern Ireland who wanted to remain in the United Kingdom Westminster = Supporters of intended unionist majority in Northern Ireland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following governmental cooperation mechanisms with their descriptions:

Northern Ireland Act 1998 = Established the Northern Ireland Assembly and its responsibility for devolved policy matters British–Irish Governmental Conference (BIIG) = Involves consultative role on non-devolved governmental matters for the Republic of Ireland Reserved areas for the UK Government = Responsibility for certain policy matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly Devolved policy matters = Areas of responsibility for the Northern Ireland Assembly Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organizations with their roles in Irish history:

Peep o' Day Boys = Protestant paramilitary organization during County Armagh disturbances Defenders = Catholic paramilitary organization during County Armagh disturbances Orange Order = Founded in response to County Armagh disturbances, representing Protestant interests United Irishmen = Cross-community Irish republican group seeking Irish independence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following political bills with their outcomes:

Government of Ireland Bill 1886 = Defeated Government of Ireland Bill 1893 = Defeated Government of Ireland Act 1914 = Made Irish Home Rule a near-certainty Parliament Act 1911 = Prevented the House of Lords from blocking Home Rule bill indefinitely Signup and view all the answers

Match the following paramilitary organizations with their objectives:

Ulster Covenant signatories = Pledged to oppose Home Rule by any means and to defy any Irish government Ulster Volunteers (UVF) = Smuggled rifles and ammunition from Imperial Germany to oppose Home Rule Irish Volunteers = Sought to ensure Home Rule was implemented and smuggled weapons into Ireland Militant working class unionists in Ireland = Vowed to prevent Irish Home Rule Signup and view all the answers

Match the following regions with their stance on Home Rule:

Unionists in Ulster = Argued for exclusion from Home Rule Unionists in Ireland = Vowed to prevent Irish Home Rule Irish nationalists = Formed a paramilitary organization to ensure Home Rule implementation Government of the Kingdom of Great Britain = Pushed for the two kingdoms to be merged to quell violent sectarianism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their descriptions:

The Troubles = A thirty-year conflict involving republican and loyalist paramilitaries and state forces The 1998 Good Friday Agreement = A major step in the peace process, including paramilitary disarmament and security normalization Irish Rebellion of 1641 = Began in Ulster, developing into an ethnic conflict between Irish Catholics and British Protestant settlers Invasion of Ireland in 1169 = Invaded by a coalition of forces under the English crown, beginning 800 years of foreign central authority Signup and view all the answers

Match the following economic facts with their descriptions:

Northern Ireland's economy during the Troubles = Declined but has grown significantly since the late 1990s Unemployment in Northern Ireland = Peaked at 17.2% in 1986, dropping to below 10% in the 2010s, similar to the rest of the UK Northern Ireland's industrialization at the time of partition = The most industrialized in Ireland at the time of partition Northern Ireland's economy after the Troubles = Grown significantly since the late 1990s Signup and view all the answers

Match the following historical facts with their descriptions:

Native Gaels in Northern Ireland = Predominantly Catholic and Irish-speaking Penal Laws in Northern Ireland = Passed to disadvantage Catholics and Presbyterians after the Williamite victory Militant societies in Ulster = Developed in the 18th century, acting on sectarian tensions in violent attacks Unionist Party governments in Northern Ireland = Accused of discriminating against the Irish nationalist and Catholic minority for fifty years Signup and view all the answers

Match the following counties with their inclusion in the formation of Northern Ireland:

Antrim, Armagh, Down, and Derry/Londonderry = Included in autonomous Northern Ireland Fermanagh and Tyrone = Included in autonomous Northern Ireland Remaining three Ulster counties with larger nationalist majorities = Not included in autonomous Northern Ireland Signup and view all the answers

Match the following political groups with their stance on the creation of Northern Ireland:

Unionists = Supported its creation Nationalists = Opposed its creation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following time periods with the corresponding events:

1920-1922 = Creation of autonomous Northern Ireland Late 1960s - 1998 = Eruption and resolution of the Troubles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions in the context of Northern Ireland:

The Troubles = Decades of conflict and tension Belfast Agreement = Resolution of the Troubles in 1998 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their stance on partition:

Sir Edward Carson = Opposed partition Three Counties unionists = Felt betrayed by partition Belfast Telegraph = Reassured unionists about partition Irish nationalists = Opposed partition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with the Treaty's provisions:

Northern Ireland's opt-out = Article 12 of the Treaty Effect in the United Kingdom = Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 Parliament of Northern Ireland's resolution = Address to the King Prime Minister James Craig's address = King's response to the Parliament's address Signup and view all the answers

Match the following time frames with the key events:

7 December 1922 = Parliament of Northern Ireland's resolution 13 December 1922 = Prime Minister James Craig's address 1922 = Establishment of the Irish Free State One month period = Exercise of Northern Ireland's opt-out Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their roles in the Treaty's implementation:

Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922 = Gave effect in the United Kingdom Article 12 of the Treaty = Allowed Northern Ireland's opt-out Address to the King = Parliament of Northern Ireland's resolution King's response = Informed the Irish Free State Government Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their outcomes:

Two Home Rule bills passed by the House of Commons in 1886 and 1893 = Rejected by the House of Lords The Ulster Covenant, signed by 450,000 men = Aimed to exclude Ulster from Home Rule The Government of Ireland Act 1920 = Partitioned the island into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland The outbreak of World War I = Delayed Home Rule Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organizations with their activities in 1913-1914:

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) = Recruited and armed Nationalist Irish Volunteers = Recruited and armed British Army = Encouraged volunteers to join Sinn Féin = Opposed conscription Signup and view all the answers

Match the following political parties with their stance on Home Rule:

Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) = Sought Home Rule Conservative Party = Sympathetic to the unionist case Sinn Féin = Opposed conscription in Ireland Ulster unionist parties = Aimed to exclude Ulster from Home Rule Signup and view all the answers

When did the Irish Bronze Age proper begin?

Around 2000 BC Signup and view all the answers

At what time did the receding of the ice after the Younger Dryas cold phase of the Quaternary occur?

Around 9700 BC Signup and view all the answers

When did the Neolithic period begin in Ireland?

About 4000 BC Signup and view all the answers

When did Christianity begin to gradually subsume or replace the earlier Celtic polytheism in Ireland?

By the late 4th century AD Signup and view all the answers

When did the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers arrive in Ireland?

Around 7900 BC Signup and view all the answers

What is the period known as the Bølling-Allerød warming?

A warm period lasting between 14,700 and 12,700 years ago Signup and view all the answers

What were the earliest confirmed inhabitants of Ireland?

Mesolithic hunter-gatherers Signup and view all the answers

When did the first signs of agriculture start to show in Ireland?

Around 4000 BC Signup and view all the answers

What is the Céide Fields known for?

Containing the oldest known field systems in the world Signup and view all the answers

When did the short-lived Irish Copper Age and subsequent Bronze Age come to Ireland?

Around 2000 BC Signup and view all the answers

What types of monuments developed near the end of the Neolithic period?

Circular embanked enclosures and timber, stone and post and pit circles Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Knowth and Dowth tombs?

They are huge stone monuments and many of them, such as the Passage Tombs of Newgrange, are astronomically aligned Signup and view all the answers

When did the Norman invasion in Ireland occur?

1169 Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland and the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire?

Battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did Ireland become part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?

1801 Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the prolonged Tudor conquest of Ireland?

Rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Signup and view all the answers

What event resulted in over a million deaths and a million refugees fleeing the country?

The Great Famine Signup and view all the answers

What marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland?

Battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did the Scandinavian influence in Ireland cease to be a major threat to Gaelic culture?

1014 Signup and view all the answers

What event led to over 800 years of English political and military involvement in Ireland?

Norman invasion Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire?

Battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did the English Crown make another attempt to conquer Ireland after the Wars of the Roses?

1534 Signup and view all the answers

What event led to ongoing warfare, including notable rebellions and wars in Ireland?

Norman invasion Signup and view all the answers

What marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland and the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire?

Battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did the Norman invasion in Ireland occur?

1169 Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland and the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire?

The battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did the English Crown make another attempt to conquer Ireland after the Wars of the Roses?

1534 Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the prolonged Tudor conquest of Ireland?

The rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas Signup and view all the answers

When did Ireland become part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?

1801 Signup and view all the answers

When did the Great Famine strike Ireland?

1845 Signup and view all the answers

When did the Scandinavian influence in Ireland cease to be a major threat to Gaelic culture?

1014 Signup and view all the answers

What led to ongoing warfare, including notable rebellions and wars in Ireland?

The Norman invasion Signup and view all the answers

What historical event limited Scandinavian influence in Ireland?

The Battle of Clontarf Signup and view all the answers

What event led to over 800 years of English political and military involvement in Ireland?

The Norman invasion Signup and view all the answers

What marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland?

The rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas Signup and view all the answers

When did Ireland's decentralized political organization, difficult terrain, and martial traditions make it challenging for the English to assert authority?

1014 Signup and view all the answers

When did the Norman invasion in Ireland occur?

1169 Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland and the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire?

The battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

When did the Irish Parliament become part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?

1801 Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of the prolonged Tudor conquest of Ireland?

The rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Signup and view all the answers

What event resulted in over a million deaths and a million refugees fleeing Ireland?

The Great Famine Signup and view all the answers

When did Ireland become part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland?

1801 Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Battle of Clontarf in 1014?

It limited Scandinavian influence in Ireland Signup and view all the answers

What did the rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas in 1534 mark?

The beginning of Tudor conquest of Ireland Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland?

The battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

What led to over 800 years of English political and military involvement in Ireland?

The Norman invasion Signup and view all the answers

What marked the end of Scandinavian influence in Ireland as a major threat to Gaelic culture?

The Battle of Clontarf Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the British Empire?

The battle of Kinsale Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Irish History Overview

Ireland's towns were founded as Scandinavian trading posts, with coinage appearing for the first time.
Scandinavian penetration was limited and ceased to be a major threat after the Battle of Clontarf in 1014.
The Norman invasion in 1169 marked the beginning of more than 800 years of English involvement in Ireland.
Gaelic resurgence reestablished cultural preeminence, apart from walled towns and The Pale.
English Crown's attempt to conquer Ireland began after the Wars of the Roses in 1488.
Ireland's decentralised political organisation and martial traditions hindered Crown authority assertion.
The Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas rebelled against the new Protestant faith in 1534.
The Tudor conquest of Ireland lasted from 1534 to 1603, marking prolonged warfare.
English and Scottish Protestant settlers arrived during the Crown's plantation policies.
Gaelic Ireland was defeated at the battle of Kinsale in 1601, leading to Ireland's integration into the British Empire.
The Protestant Ascendancy dominated Ireland after religious wars, with Catholics and dissenting Protestants facing severe privations.
Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801 after the Acts of Union 1800, with Catholic Emancipation achieved in 1829.

History of Northern Ireland

Southern Ireland and a significant minority in Northern Ireland were Irish nationalists who wanted a united independent Ireland, which led to conflict and violence.
Northern Ireland had an unbroken series of Unionist Party governments for fifty years, accused of discriminating against the Irish nationalist and Catholic minority.
The Troubles, a thirty-year conflict, involved republican and loyalist paramilitaries and state forces, claiming over 3,500 lives and injuring 50,000 others.
The 1998 Good Friday Agreement was a major step in the peace process, including paramilitary disarmament and security normalization.
Northern Ireland's economy, the most industrialized in Ireland at the time of partition, declined during the Troubles but has grown significantly since the late 1990s.
Unemployment in Northern Ireland peaked at 17.2% in 1986, dropping to below 10% in the 2010s, similar to the rest of the UK.
Northern Ireland shares both the culture of Ireland and the United Kingdom, with complex cultural links and participation in sports.
Northern Ireland was long inhabited by native Gaels who were predominantly Catholic and Irish-speaking.
In 1169, Ireland was invaded by a coalition of forces under the English crown, beginning 800 years of foreign central authority.
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began in Ulster, developing into an ethnic conflict between Irish Catholics and British Protestant settlers.
Following the Williamite victory, a series of Penal Laws were passed to disadvantage Catholics and Presbyterians.
Secret, militant societies developed in Ulster in the 18th century, acting on sectarian tensions in violent attacks.

Irish Home Rule and the Road to Partition

The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) sought Home Rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to grant Ireland autonomy within the United Kingdom.
Two Home Rule bills were passed by the House of Commons in 1886 and 1893 but rejected by the House of Lords.
The Parliament Act 1911 reduced the power of the Lords and made Home Rule likely within five years.
The Ulster Covenant, signed by 450,000 men, aimed to exclude Ulster from Home Rule.
Belfast, the largest city in Ulster, had a predominantly Protestant population with a Catholic minority.
The Conservative Party was sympathetic to the unionist case, amplifying the political voice of Irish unionism in Parliament.
Paramilitary militias, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the nationalist Irish Volunteers, were recruited and armed in 1913-1914.
The outbreak of World War I delayed Home Rule, and unionist and nationalist leaders encouraged their volunteers to join the British army.
The Easter Rising of 1916, led by Irish separatists, was suppressed, leading to increased support for Sinn Féin.
Sinn Féin gained support by opposing conscription in Ireland and won most seats in the 1918 general election.
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 partitioned the island into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
The Anglo-Irish War saw guerrilla warfare in Ireland involving the IRA, British Army, Royal Irish Constabulary, and the Ulster Volunteer Force.

Ireland's Historical Timeline

Many Irish towns were founded as Scandinavian trading posts, with the first appearance of coinage.
Scandinavian influence in Ireland was limited and ceased to be a major threat to Gaelic culture after the Battle of Clontarf in 1014.
The Norman invasion in 1169 led to over 800 years of English political and military involvement in Ireland.
Gaelic resurgence reestablished cultural preeminence over most of Ireland, apart from walled towns and The Pale.
The English Crown did not make another attempt to conquer Ireland until after the Wars of the Roses.
Ireland's decentralized political organization, difficult terrain, and martial traditions made it challenging for the English to assert authority.
The rebellion of the Hiberno-Norman Earl of Kildare Silken Thomas in 1534 marked the beginning of the prolonged Tudor conquest of Ireland.
Ireland became a battleground in the wars between Catholic Counter-Reformation and Protestant Reformation Europe.
English attempts to conquer or assimilate Ireland led to ongoing warfare, including notable rebellions and wars.
The battle of Kinsale in 1601 marked the defeat of Gaelic Ireland and the beginning of Ireland's history as part of the English and later British Empire.
The Irish Parliament was abolished on 1 January 1801, and Ireland became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
The Great Famine struck Ireland in 1845, resulting in over a million deaths and a million refugees fleeing the country.

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