Prehistoric Architecture and Settlements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What period did the settlement of Katal Huyuk primarily flourish?

  • 4000 BC to 3000 BC
  • 8000 BC to 7500 BC
  • 7000 BC (correct)
  • 5700 BC

Which of the following types of huts is NOT mentioned in the content?

  • Prehistoric Mammoth Bone Hut
  • Zulu Huts
  • Eskimo Igloo
  • Earth Lodge (correct)

In which country is the Terra Amata Hut located?

  • France (correct)
  • Turkey
  • South Africa
  • Ukraine

What material are sticks primarily associated with in the context of Apache Wickiup?

<p>Twigs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following huts is associated with cold climates?

<p>Eskimo Igloo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time frame did Katal Huyuk exist?

<p>7500 BC to 5700 BC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hut is described as 'Stilted'?

<p>Stilted Hut in Sweden (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Prehistoric Mammoth Bone Hut?

<p>It is constructed using mammoth bones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were huts in Neolithic settlements primarily made from?

<p>Stones and mud (C), Animal hides and grass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did agriculture start to significantly influence human settlements?

<p>Neolithic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material was primarily used for tools and weapons during the Iron Age?

<p>Iron or steel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key advancement in metalworking during the Bronze Age?

<p>Advanced copper work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did early humans create clothing?

<p>Sewing animal hides with fish bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant architectural development began in the Neolithic period?

<p>Establishment of permanent settlements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did burial rituals play in prehistoric cultures?

<p>They involved the construction of tombs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common feature of huts built in the Neolithic era?

<p>Thatched roofing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant project did Darius I undertake during his rule?

<p>Constructing the capital city of Persepolis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Xerxes I known for in relation to Greece?

<p>His massive invasion and defeat at the hands of the Greeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material was predominantly used for construction in Babylonia?

<p>Mud brick (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature developed due to the use of bricks in Babylonian construction?

<p>Pilasters and columns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process was used to strengthen Babylonian bricks?

<p>Mixing with straw (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Babylonian architecture?

<p>Incorporation of marble columns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the fate of the Achaemenid Empire after the defeat of Xerxes I?

<p>It began a period of decline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is qanat technology most likely to be utilized?

<p>The area has an arid climate with high evaporation rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bricks were less durable in Babylonian construction?

<p>Sun-dried bricks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is qanat technology particularly useful in areas with deep aquifers?

<p>It provides a way to utilize deep water without drilling simple wells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature enhances the effectiveness of qanat technology?

<p>Close location to fertile areas near precipitation-rich mountains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in areas lacking qanat technology?

<p>Access to sufficient water for irrigation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would make qanat technology less applicable?

<p>A humid climate with minimal evaporation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental condition could lead to a higher adoption of qanat systems?

<p>High surface evaporation rates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of utilizing qanat technology in arid regions?

<p>It can efficiently tap into deep aquifers without extensive drilling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of areas that benefit from qanat technology?

<p>They typically experience high surface evaporation rates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary construction materials were used in Persia?

<p>Stone columns from Greece (C), Mud-brick from Babylon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure served as the earliest form of modern air conditioning in Persia?

<p>Baad-gir or Wind Shaft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element was crucial for transportation in the Persian city layout?

<p>Canals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the city area was designated to streets in ancient Persia?

<p>10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material was extensively used in the construction of anbars?

<p>Sarooj mortar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the public through streets in the Persian city layout?

<p>Little variation over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Persian city infrastructure?

<p>A network of irrigated agricultural land (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of streets was the least structured in the Persian city?

<p>Blind alleys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials were commonly used to create the walls of a āb anbār?

<p>Sand, clay, egg whites, lime, goat hair, and ash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a qanāt primarily used for?

<p>Transporting water from an aquifer to the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the walls of the storage in an āb anbār characterized?

<p>They are 2 meters thick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature is prominent in the design of an āb anbār for accessing water?

<p>A stairway leading to faucets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of qanāts that makes them effective in specific climates?

<p>They create a reliable water supply in hot, arid conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should one do to access water in an āb anbār?

<p>Navigate through an open entrance and descend stairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the construction materials for the walls in ancient storage systems?

<p>A mixture of sand, clay, and organic components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a qanāt?

<p>A series of vertical shafts leading to the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neolithic proto-city

A very large settlement from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods, existing approximately from 7500 BC to 5700 BC.

Katal Huyuk

A significant Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, Turkey.

Prehistoric Huts

Early shelters built by people during the prehistoric time period.

Terra Amata Hut

A prehistoric hut in France that represents early human shelter.

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Eskimo Igloo

A type of traditional shelter made of blocks of ice.

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Stilted Hut

A type of dwelling elevated on stilts, providing protection from flooding or pests.

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Apache Wickiup

A traditional dwelling used by the Apache tribe, typically constructed from twigs or poles.

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Mammoth Bone Hut

A dwelling in which mammoth bones were used as structural elements of the habitation.

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Achaemenid Empire

The first Persian Empire, lasting from approximately 550-330 BCE

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Darius I

Persian king who ruled from 522-486 BCE, building Persepolis.

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Persepolis

The new capital of the Persian Empire, built by Darius I.

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Xerxes I

Persian king, son of Darius I, known for invading Greece.

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Babylonian Bricks

Building material mainly used in Babylonian construction, often made of sun-baked clay.

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Buttresses

Supporting structures used to reinforce walls in Babylonian buildings.

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Drains

Systems of pipes or channels used to carry off rainwater in Babylonian cities.

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Sun-baked bricks

Bricks made by drying clay in the sun, used in early construction.

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Qanat Technology Use

Qanat technology is best used where large rivers are scarce or absent, fertile land is near water sources, or surface evaporation is high.

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Water Availability for Irrigation

Qanats are efficient for areas lacking readily available surface water for irrigation.

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Proximity to Water Sources

Qanats thrive when fertile land is close to precipitation-rich mountains.

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High Evaporation Conditions

Qanats are suitable for arid climates with high water loss through evaporation.

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Deep Aquifer Depth

Qanats are preferable to simple wells when the aquifer is too deep for easy use.

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Qanat Location Considerations

Qanat use should be based on factors like insufficient river flow, proximity to water sources, evaporation rates, and aquifer depth.

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Qanat Principle

Qanats are underground water channels that transport water from high points to lower, typically drier, locations, which rely on slope differentials, gravity, and aquifer conditions.

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Yakhchāl

A traditional ice house in some regions that keeps items cool through evaporative cooling and insulation.

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Neolithic Settlement

Permanent human settlements developed during the Neolithic period, marking a shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

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Agriculture's Impact

Agriculture led to settled communities, influencing architectural development and the creation of permanent dwellings.

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Polished Stone Tools

Tools made of polished stones used for grinding, cutting, and chopping during the Neolithic period.

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Bronze Age Metalworking

Advanced metalworking techniques, using copper during the Bronze Age, significantly impacting tool and weapon creation.

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Early Clothing Materials

Early humans used animal hides to create coverings for their bodies.

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Prehistoric Shelter Building

Huts were built from materials like bones, hides, reeds, and grass in prehistoric times.

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Burial Rituals & Tombs

Prehistoric people performed burial rituals and built tombs, suggesting beliefs about the afterlife.

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Iron Age Tools

Tools and weapons, mainly made of iron or steel, were central to the Iron Age.

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Persia's Materials

Persia used a variety of materials: mud brick from Babylon, wood from Lebanon, precious stones from India & Egypt, and stone columns carved by Greek workers.

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āb anbār

A traditional water reservoir or cistern in Greater Iran.

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Water Impenetrable Walls

Walls in āb anbār constructed using specific mixtures that resist water.

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Ancient Near East Cooling

Methods like passive cooling and water supply systems were common in the Ancient Near East.

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qanāt

Underground water channel for transporting water from aquifers to surface.

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Persian City Layout

Persian cities had irrigated farmland, roads, canals, and three tiers of streets: processional, public, and private alleys.

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Access Shafts

Vertical shafts used to access water channels in the qanāt system.

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Baad-gir

An early air conditioner built on roofs to transfer fresh air to buildings.

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Transportation Network

Persian cities had a three-tiered road system (wide streets, public streets, private alleys), with canals more important than roads for carrying goods.

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sar-dar

Entrance to an āb anbār.

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Urban Structure

Cities were primarily built around a combination of buildings with street & canals.

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Traditional Water Supply

Qanāt system providing reliable water sources, especially in arid regions.

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Water Faucets

Structures used to collect and access water stored in āb anbār.

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Building Materials in Persia

Persian buildings used a mix of mud bricks, wood, precious stones, and stone columns from various regions.

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Underground Channel

A qanāt is a sloping underground passage to transport water.

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Construction Mortar

A robust mortar "sarooj" was used in several structures.

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Study Notes

HOA1 - HOA Reviewer - History of Architecture (Mapúa University)

  • Course material for History of Architecture, Mapúa University
  • QR code to access the document on Studocu
  • Studocu is not affiliated or associated with any university

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HOA1 - HOA REVIEWER (History Of Architecture) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on prehistoric settlements and architecture with this quiz. Explore the characteristics, materials used, and significant periods in which various types of huts flourished. Understand the impact of agriculture and advancements in metalworking during these eras.

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